The article discusses the emerging field of nanotoxicology, which focuses on the safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices. It highlights the increased exposure to airborne nanosized particles (NSPs) due to anthropogenic sources and the potential health risks associated with these particles. The authors review the biokinetics of NSPs, their deposition in the respiratory tract, and their translocation to other organs. They emphasize the importance of surface chemistry and particle size in determining the biological activity of NSPs, which can range from inflammatory and pro-oxidant effects to antioxidant activities. The article also discusses the need for interdisciplinary research to assess the safety of engineered NSPs, including careful selection of appropriate doses and consideration of potential synergistic effects in compromised organisms. Additionally, it explores the potential environmental impacts of manufactured nanomaterials and the challenges in evaluating their toxicity. The authors conclude by emphasizing the urgent need for further research to understand the full range of effects of NSPs and to develop appropriate risk assessment methods.The article discusses the emerging field of nanotoxicology, which focuses on the safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices. It highlights the increased exposure to airborne nanosized particles (NSPs) due to anthropogenic sources and the potential health risks associated with these particles. The authors review the biokinetics of NSPs, their deposition in the respiratory tract, and their translocation to other organs. They emphasize the importance of surface chemistry and particle size in determining the biological activity of NSPs, which can range from inflammatory and pro-oxidant effects to antioxidant activities. The article also discusses the need for interdisciplinary research to assess the safety of engineered NSPs, including careful selection of appropriate doses and consideration of potential synergistic effects in compromised organisms. Additionally, it explores the potential environmental impacts of manufactured nanomaterials and the challenges in evaluating their toxicity. The authors conclude by emphasizing the urgent need for further research to understand the full range of effects of NSPs and to develop appropriate risk assessment methods.