1 April 2024 | Shivani Gandhi, Divyesh H. Shastri, Jigar Shah, Anroop B. Nair, Shery Jacob
This review discusses the potential of nasal delivery to the brain using nanoparticles for effective drug transport. The nasal route offers a direct pathway for drug delivery to the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and is particularly useful for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The nasal cavity has high permeability and rich blood supply, facilitating rapid drug absorption and onset of action. Various nanocarriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and nanogels, are explored for their roles in improving drug delivery efficiency and targeting specificity. Formulation strategies involving surface modifications, cutting-edge materials, and adjustments to particle properties aim to enhance drug stability, release kinetics, and targeting specificity while minimizing adverse effects. These strategies could lead to safer and more efficient nose-to-brain drug delivery systems, revolutionizing treatments for neurological disorders. The review highlights the advantages of nasal-to-brain delivery, including targeted administration, enhanced bioavailability, reduced systemic side effects, rapid onset of action, and non-invasive route. However, challenges such as mucociliary clearance, drug attributes, nasal architecture, formulation stability, and delivery to target sites must be addressed to improve the effectiveness of nasal-to-brain drug delivery. The review also discusses the use of nanoparticles, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles, for enhancing drug delivery to the brain, emphasizing their potential in treating neurological disorders. The review concludes that nasal-to-brain drug delivery using nanoparticles holds great promise for improving the treatment of neurological disorders by enhancing drug delivery efficiency and minimizing systemic side effects.This review discusses the potential of nasal delivery to the brain using nanoparticles for effective drug transport. The nasal route offers a direct pathway for drug delivery to the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and is particularly useful for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The nasal cavity has high permeability and rich blood supply, facilitating rapid drug absorption and onset of action. Various nanocarriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and nanogels, are explored for their roles in improving drug delivery efficiency and targeting specificity. Formulation strategies involving surface modifications, cutting-edge materials, and adjustments to particle properties aim to enhance drug stability, release kinetics, and targeting specificity while minimizing adverse effects. These strategies could lead to safer and more efficient nose-to-brain drug delivery systems, revolutionizing treatments for neurological disorders. The review highlights the advantages of nasal-to-brain delivery, including targeted administration, enhanced bioavailability, reduced systemic side effects, rapid onset of action, and non-invasive route. However, challenges such as mucociliary clearance, drug attributes, nasal architecture, formulation stability, and delivery to target sites must be addressed to improve the effectiveness of nasal-to-brain drug delivery. The review also discusses the use of nanoparticles, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles, for enhancing drug delivery to the brain, emphasizing their potential in treating neurological disorders. The review concludes that nasal-to-brain drug delivery using nanoparticles holds great promise for improving the treatment of neurological disorders by enhancing drug delivery efficiency and minimizing systemic side effects.