This article presents a comprehensive survey of 293 cases of lung cancer treated by surgery over a 35-year period. The study includes lobectomy (86 cases), simple pneumonectomy (89 cases), and radical pneumonectomy (118 cases). The mortality rates for these procedures were 3-5%, 20%, and 15-25%, respectively. Long-term survival rates after 5 or more years were 41% for lobectomy, 30% for simple pneumonectomy, and 39% for radical pneumonectomy. The author notes that at least one in three patients with lung cancer treated by surgery survived for 5 years or more, with some patients living for over 30 years. The type of cancer cell, particularly squamous cells, was found to be crucial for long-term survival, with better outcomes for squamous-cell cancers compared to oat-cell and small-cell cancers. The occurrence of pleural infection after surgery was associated with improved long-term survival, possibly due to enhanced immune response. The article also discusses the limitations of radiotherapy and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. It concludes that while surgery is the primary treatment, the biological factors of the tumor and the patient's overall health significantly influence long-term outcomes.This article presents a comprehensive survey of 293 cases of lung cancer treated by surgery over a 35-year period. The study includes lobectomy (86 cases), simple pneumonectomy (89 cases), and radical pneumonectomy (118 cases). The mortality rates for these procedures were 3-5%, 20%, and 15-25%, respectively. Long-term survival rates after 5 or more years were 41% for lobectomy, 30% for simple pneumonectomy, and 39% for radical pneumonectomy. The author notes that at least one in three patients with lung cancer treated by surgery survived for 5 years or more, with some patients living for over 30 years. The type of cancer cell, particularly squamous cells, was found to be crucial for long-term survival, with better outcomes for squamous-cell cancers compared to oat-cell and small-cell cancers. The occurrence of pleural infection after surgery was associated with improved long-term survival, possibly due to enhanced immune response. The article also discusses the limitations of radiotherapy and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. It concludes that while surgery is the primary treatment, the biological factors of the tumor and the patient's overall health significantly influence long-term outcomes.