This study investigates the nationwide trends and features of human salmonellosis outbreaks in China, analyzing 1,134 reports from 74 years, involving 89,050 patients and 270 deaths. The results show a rising trend in SO reports since the 1970s, with most outbreaks occurring in the eastern regions, particularly in coastal and densely populated areas. The overall attack rate was estimated at 36.66%, with high antimicrobial resistance to quinolones and beta-lactams. The study developed the Chinese Salmonellosis Outbreak Database (CSOD) for data sharing and visualization. Healthcare-associated outbreaks require further attention, and the study serves as a foundation for outbreak intervention and prediction. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed a gradual increase in SO since the 1978 economic reform, with summer being the peak season, especially in May. The number of outbreaks correlated with temperature, precipitation, and humidity. The average outbreak duration was 21.23 days, with significant variations among outbreak types. SO were mainly concentrated in the eastern region of the Hu Line, with Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou reporting the most outbreaks. The frequency of SO in densely populated areas, such as the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas, was relatively high. Etiologically, Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhi, and S. Typhimurium were the main serovars, with S. Enteritidis becoming the most prevalent. S. Typhimurium had the highest antimicrobial resistance rate, while S. Typhi showed significant variations in resistance. The study found that S. Typhimurium was the primary serovar causing fatal outbreaks, followed by S. Typhi. HAI strains had the highest potential for antimicrobial resistance, requiring particular attention. Meta-analysis of patient information showed an overall attack rate of 36.66%, with a gender ratio of 55.19%. The incidence rates of designated symptoms, such as fever, diarrhea, and vomiting, were high. Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences in attack rates across regions and outbreak settings. The study highlights the importance of monitoring and controlling SO, particularly in healthcare settings and foodborne outbreaks. It emphasizes the need for improved surveillance, public health initiatives, and the implementation of updated detection technologies for Salmonella pathogens. The study also underscores the role of the One Health concept in addressing the complex transmission chain of foodborne pathogens. Overall, the study provides insights into the epidemiological trends of SO in China, contributing to the understanding of the burden of Salmonellosis and the development of outbreak prediction strategies.This study investigates the nationwide trends and features of human salmonellosis outbreaks in China, analyzing 1,134 reports from 74 years, involving 89,050 patients and 270 deaths. The results show a rising trend in SO reports since the 1970s, with most outbreaks occurring in the eastern regions, particularly in coastal and densely populated areas. The overall attack rate was estimated at 36.66%, with high antimicrobial resistance to quinolones and beta-lactams. The study developed the Chinese Salmonellosis Outbreak Database (CSOD) for data sharing and visualization. Healthcare-associated outbreaks require further attention, and the study serves as a foundation for outbreak intervention and prediction. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed a gradual increase in SO since the 1978 economic reform, with summer being the peak season, especially in May. The number of outbreaks correlated with temperature, precipitation, and humidity. The average outbreak duration was 21.23 days, with significant variations among outbreak types. SO were mainly concentrated in the eastern region of the Hu Line, with Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou reporting the most outbreaks. The frequency of SO in densely populated areas, such as the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas, was relatively high. Etiologically, Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhi, and S. Typhimurium were the main serovars, with S. Enteritidis becoming the most prevalent. S. Typhimurium had the highest antimicrobial resistance rate, while S. Typhi showed significant variations in resistance. The study found that S. Typhimurium was the primary serovar causing fatal outbreaks, followed by S. Typhi. HAI strains had the highest potential for antimicrobial resistance, requiring particular attention. Meta-analysis of patient information showed an overall attack rate of 36.66%, with a gender ratio of 55.19%. The incidence rates of designated symptoms, such as fever, diarrhea, and vomiting, were high. Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences in attack rates across regions and outbreak settings. The study highlights the importance of monitoring and controlling SO, particularly in healthcare settings and foodborne outbreaks. It emphasizes the need for improved surveillance, public health initiatives, and the implementation of updated detection technologies for Salmonella pathogens. The study also underscores the role of the One Health concept in addressing the complex transmission chain of foodborne pathogens. Overall, the study provides insights into the epidemiological trends of SO in China, contributing to the understanding of the burden of Salmonellosis and the development of outbreak prediction strategies.