23 August 2024 | Mariana Chelu, Jose M. Calderon Moreno, Adina Magdalena Musuc and Monica Popa
Natural regenerative hydrogels, derived from natural polymers, are promising materials for wound healing due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ability to support tissue regeneration. This review discusses the latest advances in regenerative hydrogels used for wound healing, focusing on their chemical composition, cross-linking mechanisms, and functional properties. Key carbohydrate polymers, including alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and polysaccharide gums like agarose, carrageenan, and xanthan gum, are highlighted for their sources, structures, and suitability for regenerative applications. The review explores the categorization of hydrogels based on ionic charge, response to physiological stimuli (pH, temperature), and their roles in wound tissue self-healing. Various cross-linking methods, such as physical (ionic interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions) and chemical (covalent bonding via esterification, amidation, click chemistry), are examined for enhancing hydrogel performance. The review also discusses the classification of hydrogels into homopolymeric, copolymeric, and hybrid types, each with distinct properties and applications. Natural regenerative hydrogels can respond to external stimuli like pH, temperature, chemical agents, or enzymes, enabling controlled drug release and smart tissue engineering. The review highlights the biocompatibility, biodegradability, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, gelation and rheological properties, bioactivity, controlled release capabilities, and stimuli-responsiveness of natural hydrogels. Polysaccharides, proteins, and polyesters are classified based on their chemical structures, with polysaccharides known for their hydrophilicity and gel-forming ability, and proteins for their biodegradability and support for cell adhesion. The review also discusses the use of natural materials like Aloe vera, honey, and other bee products in wound healing, as well as the application of stem cell therapy and natural polysaccharide-based hydrogels in treating refractory wounds. Overall, natural regenerative hydrogels offer a wide range of properties and functionalities, making them versatile materials for regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.Natural regenerative hydrogels, derived from natural polymers, are promising materials for wound healing due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ability to support tissue regeneration. This review discusses the latest advances in regenerative hydrogels used for wound healing, focusing on their chemical composition, cross-linking mechanisms, and functional properties. Key carbohydrate polymers, including alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and polysaccharide gums like agarose, carrageenan, and xanthan gum, are highlighted for their sources, structures, and suitability for regenerative applications. The review explores the categorization of hydrogels based on ionic charge, response to physiological stimuli (pH, temperature), and their roles in wound tissue self-healing. Various cross-linking methods, such as physical (ionic interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions) and chemical (covalent bonding via esterification, amidation, click chemistry), are examined for enhancing hydrogel performance. The review also discusses the classification of hydrogels into homopolymeric, copolymeric, and hybrid types, each with distinct properties and applications. Natural regenerative hydrogels can respond to external stimuli like pH, temperature, chemical agents, or enzymes, enabling controlled drug release and smart tissue engineering. The review highlights the biocompatibility, biodegradability, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, gelation and rheological properties, bioactivity, controlled release capabilities, and stimuli-responsiveness of natural hydrogels. Polysaccharides, proteins, and polyesters are classified based on their chemical structures, with polysaccharides known for their hydrophilicity and gel-forming ability, and proteins for their biodegradability and support for cell adhesion. The review also discusses the use of natural materials like Aloe vera, honey, and other bee products in wound healing, as well as the application of stem cell therapy and natural polysaccharide-based hydrogels in treating refractory wounds. Overall, natural regenerative hydrogels offer a wide range of properties and functionalities, making them versatile materials for regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.