This review discusses the advancements and challenges in the use of natural compounds-based nanomedicines for cancer treatment. It highlights the potential of nanotechnology to overcome the limitations of traditional cancer therapies, such as drug resistance, non-selectivity, and high costs. The review covers the application of nanocarriers for delivering natural compounds derived from plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms, emphasizing their role in enhancing cell signaling pathways for anticancer treatments. It also addresses the clinical status and challenges of natural compounds loaded in nanocarriers, including production, stability, physiological barriers, and regulatory issues. The article further explores various types of nanocarriers, such as polymeric nanocarriers, lipid nanocarriers, and naturally derived nanovesicles, detailing their structures, properties, and therapeutic applications. Additionally, it discusses passive and active targeting strategies for cancer therapy, including the EPR effect and receptor-mediated targeting. The review concludes by examining the anticancer potential of natural compounds loaded into nanomaterials, particularly bacterial metabolites, and the advantages and limitations of inorganic and organic nanocarriers.This review discusses the advancements and challenges in the use of natural compounds-based nanomedicines for cancer treatment. It highlights the potential of nanotechnology to overcome the limitations of traditional cancer therapies, such as drug resistance, non-selectivity, and high costs. The review covers the application of nanocarriers for delivering natural compounds derived from plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms, emphasizing their role in enhancing cell signaling pathways for anticancer treatments. It also addresses the clinical status and challenges of natural compounds loaded in nanocarriers, including production, stability, physiological barriers, and regulatory issues. The article further explores various types of nanocarriers, such as polymeric nanocarriers, lipid nanocarriers, and naturally derived nanovesicles, detailing their structures, properties, and therapeutic applications. Additionally, it discusses passive and active targeting strategies for cancer therapy, including the EPR effect and receptor-mediated targeting. The review concludes by examining the anticancer potential of natural compounds loaded into nanomaterials, particularly bacterial metabolites, and the advantages and limitations of inorganic and organic nanocarriers.