This article provides a comprehensive review of superhydrophobic surfaces, emphasizing their water-repellent and self-cleaning properties, and explores their theoretical foundations, fabrication methods, applications, and challenges. Superhydrophobic surfaces, characterized by high water contact angles (150°–180°), are inspired by natural examples such as lotus leaves, which exhibit exceptional water-repelling capabilities due to their hierarchical micro- and nanostructures. The review discusses the theoretical models of wetting, including Young's equation, Wenzel, and Cassie–Baxter states, which explain how surface roughness and chemical composition influence wettability. It also highlights various fabrication techniques, such as chemical etching, lithography, template methods, and plasma treatment, which are used to create superhydrophobic surfaces with tailored properties. The article outlines the wide range of applications, including self-cleaning, oil–water separation, anti-icing, and biomedical uses, while addressing challenges like durability, scalability, and environmental impact. The study aims to guide future research and innovation in the development and application of superhydrophobic materials.This article provides a comprehensive review of superhydrophobic surfaces, emphasizing their water-repellent and self-cleaning properties, and explores their theoretical foundations, fabrication methods, applications, and challenges. Superhydrophobic surfaces, characterized by high water contact angles (150°–180°), are inspired by natural examples such as lotus leaves, which exhibit exceptional water-repelling capabilities due to their hierarchical micro- and nanostructures. The review discusses the theoretical models of wetting, including Young's equation, Wenzel, and Cassie–Baxter states, which explain how surface roughness and chemical composition influence wettability. It also highlights various fabrication techniques, such as chemical etching, lithography, template methods, and plasma treatment, which are used to create superhydrophobic surfaces with tailored properties. The article outlines the wide range of applications, including self-cleaning, oil–water separation, anti-icing, and biomedical uses, while addressing challenges like durability, scalability, and environmental impact. The study aims to guide future research and innovation in the development and application of superhydrophobic materials.