Peer review is a crucial component of the publishing process, aiming to provide rigorous and constructive feedback to authors and editors. However, it often faces challenges such as opacity and inefficiency. To address these issues, journals like *Nature Cell Biology* have taken steps to increase transparency by sharing information about the peer review process and referee selection. Some journals, like *The EMBO Journal*, have published referee reports and correspondence, though this practice has mixed support due to concerns about reviewer anonymity and the potential impact on review quality. *Nature Communications*, a new online-only journal from Nature, focuses on primary research in biological, physical, and chemical sciences. It aims to publish significant advances that may not have broader scientific impact but are still valuable within their discipline. Manuscripts rejected from *Nature Cell Biology* can be transferred to *Nature Communications*, and the latter will receive referee reports and identities through an automated process. The editors of *Nature Communications* will independently assess these manuscripts and may consult with independent experts. Overall, while the peer review process has room for improvement, journals and editors must ensure timely, rigorous, and fair reviews. A diverse pool of referees and clear guidelines for conflict of interest are essential to maintaining the integrity of the process.Peer review is a crucial component of the publishing process, aiming to provide rigorous and constructive feedback to authors and editors. However, it often faces challenges such as opacity and inefficiency. To address these issues, journals like *Nature Cell Biology* have taken steps to increase transparency by sharing information about the peer review process and referee selection. Some journals, like *The EMBO Journal*, have published referee reports and correspondence, though this practice has mixed support due to concerns about reviewer anonymity and the potential impact on review quality. *Nature Communications*, a new online-only journal from Nature, focuses on primary research in biological, physical, and chemical sciences. It aims to publish significant advances that may not have broader scientific impact but are still valuable within their discipline. Manuscripts rejected from *Nature Cell Biology* can be transferred to *Nature Communications*, and the latter will receive referee reports and identities through an automated process. The editors of *Nature Communications* will independently assess these manuscripts and may consult with independent experts. Overall, while the peer review process has room for improvement, journals and editors must ensure timely, rigorous, and fair reviews. A diverse pool of referees and clear guidelines for conflict of interest are essential to maintaining the integrity of the process.