This study investigates structural changes in the hippocampi of London taxi drivers compared to control subjects. The researchers used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and pixel-counting techniques to analyze structural MRI scans of 16 licensed London taxi drivers and 50 healthy, non-driving control subjects. The results showed that taxi drivers had significantly larger posterior hippocampi, while control subjects had larger anterior hippocampi. Hippocampal volume correlated positively with the amount of time spent as a taxi driver in the posterior hippocampus and negatively in the anterior hippocampus. These findings suggest that the posterior hippocampus is involved in storing and elaborating spatial representations, indicating local plasticity in the healthy adult human brain in response to environmental demands. The study challenges the traditional view of the hippocampus as having a transient role in memory and highlights the importance of the posterior hippocampus in spatial navigation.This study investigates structural changes in the hippocampi of London taxi drivers compared to control subjects. The researchers used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and pixel-counting techniques to analyze structural MRI scans of 16 licensed London taxi drivers and 50 healthy, non-driving control subjects. The results showed that taxi drivers had significantly larger posterior hippocampi, while control subjects had larger anterior hippocampi. Hippocampal volume correlated positively with the amount of time spent as a taxi driver in the posterior hippocampus and negatively in the anterior hippocampus. These findings suggest that the posterior hippocampus is involved in storing and elaborating spatial representations, indicating local plasticity in the healthy adult human brain in response to environmental demands. The study challenges the traditional view of the hippocampus as having a transient role in memory and highlights the importance of the posterior hippocampus in spatial navigation.