This study investigates the potential of near-infrared (NIR)-responsive gold nanorods (AuNRs) conjugated with a TRPV1 monoclonal antibody (Cit-AuNRs@Anti-TRPV1) to treat osteoarthritis (OA). TRPV1 activation has been shown to alleviate cartilage degeneration by suppressing chondrocyte ferroptosis. The researchers synthesized Cit-AuNRs and conjugated them with Anti-TRPV1, creating a photothermal switch that can be activated by NIR irradiation. This system effectively activated TRPV1 and reduced cartilage degradation in a mouse model of OA. The treatment also improved physical activities and reduced pain in mice with destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced OA. Additionally, it suppressed macrophagic inflammation and bone remodeling, further enhancing the therapeutic effects. The study provides a promising strategy for the targeted treatment of OA by protecting chondrocytes from ferroptosis.This study investigates the potential of near-infrared (NIR)-responsive gold nanorods (AuNRs) conjugated with a TRPV1 monoclonal antibody (Cit-AuNRs@Anti-TRPV1) to treat osteoarthritis (OA). TRPV1 activation has been shown to alleviate cartilage degeneration by suppressing chondrocyte ferroptosis. The researchers synthesized Cit-AuNRs and conjugated them with Anti-TRPV1, creating a photothermal switch that can be activated by NIR irradiation. This system effectively activated TRPV1 and reduced cartilage degradation in a mouse model of OA. The treatment also improved physical activities and reduced pain in mice with destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced OA. Additionally, it suppressed macrophagic inflammation and bone remodeling, further enhancing the therapeutic effects. The study provides a promising strategy for the targeted treatment of OA by protecting chondrocytes from ferroptosis.