Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms, playing roles in embryonic development, organ maintenance, aging, immune responses, and autoimmunity. Recent advances have significantly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, and their effects on immunity and homeostasis. These processes are crucial for immune responses and tissue repair, with each type of cell death having distinct pathways and functions. Apoptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, leading to the activation of caspases and the breakdown of the nuclear membrane. Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis that involves the release of proinflammatory signals and is often triggered by the activation of death domain receptors or pattern recognition receptors. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death that results in the release of cytokines and DAMPs, promoting immune responses. Each of these processes has unique mechanisms and regulatory pathways, with necroptosis and pyroptosis acting as "whistle blowers" that release alarmins and proinflammatory signals, while apoptosis is considered "silent" and dampens immune responses. The study of these processes has revealed the complex interplay between different cell death pathways and their impact on the immune system and overall health. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with uncontrolled cell death.Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms, playing roles in embryonic development, organ maintenance, aging, immune responses, and autoimmunity. Recent advances have significantly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, and their effects on immunity and homeostasis. These processes are crucial for immune responses and tissue repair, with each type of cell death having distinct pathways and functions. Apoptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, leading to the activation of caspases and the breakdown of the nuclear membrane. Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis that involves the release of proinflammatory signals and is often triggered by the activation of death domain receptors or pattern recognition receptors. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death that results in the release of cytokines and DAMPs, promoting immune responses. Each of these processes has unique mechanisms and regulatory pathways, with necroptosis and pyroptosis acting as "whistle blowers" that release alarmins and proinflammatory signals, while apoptosis is considered "silent" and dampens immune responses. The study of these processes has revealed the complex interplay between different cell death pathways and their impact on the immune system and overall health. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with uncontrolled cell death.