The COVID-19 Resource Centre, established by Elsevier in January 2020, provides free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus. Elsevier grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research available in PubMed Central and other public repositories, with unrestricted access for research reuse and analysis. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe inflammatory disease affecting the gut of newborn infants, primarily those born prematurely. Despite decades of research, NEC remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The incidence of NEC varies significantly across different regions and is influenced by factors such as prematurity and birth weight. NEC is characterized by intestinal injury, bacterial translocation, and an inflammatory response. Key risk factors include prematurity, enteral feeding, and gut barrier dysfunction. The pathogenesis involves a combination of mucosal compromise, pathogenic bacteria, and enteral feedings, leading to bowel injury and an inflammatory cascade. Treatment options have evolved from aggressive early surgery to supportive care, with a focus on prevention and early identification of high-risk infants.The COVID-19 Resource Centre, established by Elsevier in January 2020, provides free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus. Elsevier grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research available in PubMed Central and other public repositories, with unrestricted access for research reuse and analysis. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe inflammatory disease affecting the gut of newborn infants, primarily those born prematurely. Despite decades of research, NEC remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The incidence of NEC varies significantly across different regions and is influenced by factors such as prematurity and birth weight. NEC is characterized by intestinal injury, bacterial translocation, and an inflammatory response. Key risk factors include prematurity, enteral feeding, and gut barrier dysfunction. The pathogenesis involves a combination of mucosal compromise, pathogenic bacteria, and enteral feedings, leading to bowel injury and an inflammatory cascade. Treatment options have evolved from aggressive early surgery to supportive care, with a focus on prevention and early identification of high-risk infants.