Negative Temperature Pressure in Black Holes

Negative Temperature Pressure in Black Holes

February 29, 2024 | Richard A. Norte
Negative temperature (T < 0) is a quantum phenomenon where systems are hotter than any positive temperature system. It has been observed in spin systems and recently in atomic ensembles. Negative temperatures arise when systems have an upper energy bound, a property unique to quantum systems. This paper explores whether black holes might exhibit similar conditions, with event horizons potentially acting as upper energy bounds, leading to negative temperatures near the horizon. This could result in an outward pressure within black holes, analogous to the stabilizing effect observed in atomic ensembles. Black holes are typically considered cold objects near absolute zero, but the paper hypothesizes that negative temperatures could exist just within the event horizon. This would imply that black holes could have regions with negative temperatures, generating an outward pressure that counteracts gravitational collapse. The paper draws parallels between atomic ensembles and black holes, using Oppenheim's lattice model to suggest that black holes could behave like Ising models with long-range interactions. The paper discusses the implications of negative temperatures in black holes, particularly in relation to black hole thermodynamics. It proposes that the first law of black hole thermodynamics could include a pressure term, leading to negative pressure within black holes. This negative pressure could stabilize the black hole against collapse, similar to the observed stability in atomic ensembles. The paper also addresses the interpretation of pressure and volume in black hole thermodynamics, noting that these concepts are still under active research. It concludes that if black holes have negative temperatures near their event horizons, this could provide a unique mechanism for negative temperature pressures, potentially aligning black holes with other stellar objects in terms of quantum-gravitational interactions. Future research could explore this through gravitational wave signals or analogue systems.Negative temperature (T < 0) is a quantum phenomenon where systems are hotter than any positive temperature system. It has been observed in spin systems and recently in atomic ensembles. Negative temperatures arise when systems have an upper energy bound, a property unique to quantum systems. This paper explores whether black holes might exhibit similar conditions, with event horizons potentially acting as upper energy bounds, leading to negative temperatures near the horizon. This could result in an outward pressure within black holes, analogous to the stabilizing effect observed in atomic ensembles. Black holes are typically considered cold objects near absolute zero, but the paper hypothesizes that negative temperatures could exist just within the event horizon. This would imply that black holes could have regions with negative temperatures, generating an outward pressure that counteracts gravitational collapse. The paper draws parallels between atomic ensembles and black holes, using Oppenheim's lattice model to suggest that black holes could behave like Ising models with long-range interactions. The paper discusses the implications of negative temperatures in black holes, particularly in relation to black hole thermodynamics. It proposes that the first law of black hole thermodynamics could include a pressure term, leading to negative pressure within black holes. This negative pressure could stabilize the black hole against collapse, similar to the observed stability in atomic ensembles. The paper also addresses the interpretation of pressure and volume in black hole thermodynamics, noting that these concepts are still under active research. It concludes that if black holes have negative temperatures near their event horizons, this could provide a unique mechanism for negative temperature pressures, potentially aligning black holes with other stellar objects in terms of quantum-gravitational interactions. Future research could explore this through gravitational wave signals or analogue systems.
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[slides and audio] Negative-temperature pressure in black holes