This review summarizes the potential, costs, and side effects of negative emissions technologies (NETs) for climate change mitigation. The study highlights the importance of NETs in achieving the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C, with a focus on technologies such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), afforestation and reforestation, direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS), enhanced weathering, ocean fertilization, biochar, and soil carbon sequestration. The study provides estimates of the global potential for each technology by 2050, ranging from 0.5–3.6 GtCO₂ yr⁻¹ for afforestation and reforestation to up to 5 GtCO₂ yr⁻¹ for soil carbon sequestration. The study also discusses the costs of these technologies, which vary widely, and their potential side effects, including competition for land, biodiversity loss, and increased ocean acidification. The study emphasizes the need for a systematic and transparent assessment of NETs to ensure their effective deployment as a viable climate mitigation strategy. The review also highlights the importance of considering the social, economic, and environmental impacts of large-scale NET deployment, as well as the need for further research to address uncertainties and limitations in the current understanding of these technologies. The study concludes that while NETs can play a crucial role in achieving climate goals, they must be implemented in a way that minimizes negative side effects and maximizes their effectiveness in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.This review summarizes the potential, costs, and side effects of negative emissions technologies (NETs) for climate change mitigation. The study highlights the importance of NETs in achieving the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C, with a focus on technologies such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), afforestation and reforestation, direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS), enhanced weathering, ocean fertilization, biochar, and soil carbon sequestration. The study provides estimates of the global potential for each technology by 2050, ranging from 0.5–3.6 GtCO₂ yr⁻¹ for afforestation and reforestation to up to 5 GtCO₂ yr⁻¹ for soil carbon sequestration. The study also discusses the costs of these technologies, which vary widely, and their potential side effects, including competition for land, biodiversity loss, and increased ocean acidification. The study emphasizes the need for a systematic and transparent assessment of NETs to ensure their effective deployment as a viable climate mitigation strategy. The review also highlights the importance of considering the social, economic, and environmental impacts of large-scale NET deployment, as well as the need for further research to address uncertainties and limitations in the current understanding of these technologies. The study concludes that while NETs can play a crucial role in achieving climate goals, they must be implemented in a way that minimizes negative side effects and maximizes their effectiveness in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.