The study investigates the tension between cosmological constraints on the sum of neutrino masses and laboratory measurements, highlighting the possibility of negative neutrino masses as a mirage of dark energy. Using data from Planck, ACT, and DESI, the research finds a 2.8–3.3σ tension between cosmological constraints and oscillation experiments. This tension is alleviated by considering evolving dark energy models, such as the $ w_{0}w_{a} $ and mirage dark energy models, which favor neutrino masses consistent with laboratory data. The effective neutrino mass parameter is extended to negative values, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis. The results show that negative neutrino masses can explain the observed data without contradicting laboratory constraints. The study also explores the impact of dark energy on the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure, finding that evolving dark energy models can simultaneously address the preference for additional gravitational lensing and the tension with neutrino oscillations. The analysis of supernova data further supports the need for a shift away from the standard ΛCDM model to reconcile cosmology with neutrino oscillation constraints. The mirage dark energy model is found to be promising, favoring larger neutrino masses compatible with laboratory data. The study concludes that cosmological constraints on neutrino masses are increasingly sensitive to prior assumptions, and that considering evolving dark energy models provides a more accurate picture of the universe's evolution.The study investigates the tension between cosmological constraints on the sum of neutrino masses and laboratory measurements, highlighting the possibility of negative neutrino masses as a mirage of dark energy. Using data from Planck, ACT, and DESI, the research finds a 2.8–3.3σ tension between cosmological constraints and oscillation experiments. This tension is alleviated by considering evolving dark energy models, such as the $ w_{0}w_{a} $ and mirage dark energy models, which favor neutrino masses consistent with laboratory data. The effective neutrino mass parameter is extended to negative values, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis. The results show that negative neutrino masses can explain the observed data without contradicting laboratory constraints. The study also explores the impact of dark energy on the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure, finding that evolving dark energy models can simultaneously address the preference for additional gravitational lensing and the tension with neutrino oscillations. The analysis of supernova data further supports the need for a shift away from the standard ΛCDM model to reconcile cosmology with neutrino oscillation constraints. The mirage dark energy model is found to be promising, favoring larger neutrino masses compatible with laboratory data. The study concludes that cosmological constraints on neutrino masses are increasingly sensitive to prior assumptions, and that considering evolving dark energy models provides a more accurate picture of the universe's evolution.