The CheckMate 816 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The primary endpoints were event-free survival and pathological complete response, with overall survival as a secondary endpoint. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either nivolumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy or platinum-based chemotherapy alone, followed by resection. The median event-free survival was significantly longer with nivolumab plus chemotherapy (31.6 months) compared to chemotherapy alone (20.8 months). The percentage of patients with a pathological complete response was also higher with nivolumab plus chemotherapy (24.0%) compared to chemotherapy alone (2.2%). The addition of nivolumab did not increase the incidence of adverse events or impede the feasibility of surgery. The results suggest that neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy is a promising treatment option for resectable NSCLC, offering improved clinical outcomes without compromising surgical outcomes.The CheckMate 816 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The primary endpoints were event-free survival and pathological complete response, with overall survival as a secondary endpoint. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either nivolumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy or platinum-based chemotherapy alone, followed by resection. The median event-free survival was significantly longer with nivolumab plus chemotherapy (31.6 months) compared to chemotherapy alone (20.8 months). The percentage of patients with a pathological complete response was also higher with nivolumab plus chemotherapy (24.0%) compared to chemotherapy alone (2.2%). The addition of nivolumab did not increase the incidence of adverse events or impede the feasibility of surgery. The results suggest that neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy is a promising treatment option for resectable NSCLC, offering improved clinical outcomes without compromising surgical outcomes.