The paper "Net Zero Energy Buildings: A Consistent Definition Framework" by Sartori, Napolitano, and Voss presents a comprehensive framework for defining Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs). The authors recognize that a simple annual balance is insufficient to fully characterize Net ZEBs and that the interaction between buildings and energy grids must be addressed. They propose a consistent framework that includes two major types of balance: import/export balance and load/generation balance, with a simplified monthly net balance as a compromise. The framework also emphasizes the importance of temporal energy match, including load matching and grid interaction, to ensure that Net ZEBs work beneficially with local grids. The paper discusses various criteria and sub-criteria for setting Net ZEB definitions, such as building system boundary, weighting system, net ZEB balance, temporal energy match characteristics, and measurement and verification. It highlights the need for a formal, comprehensive, and consistent framework to allow countries to define Net ZEBs according to their specific conditions and political targets. The authors also address the challenges of different definitions in various countries and the importance of considering embodied energy and emissions in the balance.The paper "Net Zero Energy Buildings: A Consistent Definition Framework" by Sartori, Napolitano, and Voss presents a comprehensive framework for defining Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs). The authors recognize that a simple annual balance is insufficient to fully characterize Net ZEBs and that the interaction between buildings and energy grids must be addressed. They propose a consistent framework that includes two major types of balance: import/export balance and load/generation balance, with a simplified monthly net balance as a compromise. The framework also emphasizes the importance of temporal energy match, including load matching and grid interaction, to ensure that Net ZEBs work beneficially with local grids. The paper discusses various criteria and sub-criteria for setting Net ZEB definitions, such as building system boundary, weighting system, net ZEB balance, temporal energy match characteristics, and measurement and verification. It highlights the need for a formal, comprehensive, and consistent framework to allow countries to define Net ZEBs according to their specific conditions and political targets. The authors also address the challenges of different definitions in various countries and the importance of considering embodied energy and emissions in the balance.