The article reviews recent advances in the search for neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), the minimum neural mechanisms sufficient for specific conscious experiences. It highlights that anatomical NCC are primarily localized to a posterior cortical hot zone, including sensory areas, rather than a fronto-parietal network involved in task monitoring. The authors discuss the limitations of gamma activity and the P3b wave as neurophysiological markers of consciousness and introduce more promising measures of neural differentiation and integration. They emphasize the importance of distinguishing between content-specific and full NCC, and explore the role of subcortical structures and cortical cell types in consciousness. The article also examines the neurophysiological markers of consciousness, such as gamma synchrony and the P3b component, and their limitations. Finally, it discusses the clinical significance of EEG patterns in discriminating between conscious and unconscious states.The article reviews recent advances in the search for neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), the minimum neural mechanisms sufficient for specific conscious experiences. It highlights that anatomical NCC are primarily localized to a posterior cortical hot zone, including sensory areas, rather than a fronto-parietal network involved in task monitoring. The authors discuss the limitations of gamma activity and the P3b wave as neurophysiological markers of consciousness and introduce more promising measures of neural differentiation and integration. They emphasize the importance of distinguishing between content-specific and full NCC, and explore the role of subcortical structures and cortical cell types in consciousness. The article also examines the neurophysiological markers of consciousness, such as gamma synchrony and the P3b component, and their limitations. Finally, it discusses the clinical significance of EEG patterns in discriminating between conscious and unconscious states.