Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder with a significant genetic component, and recent studies have identified variations in genes such as neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptor ErbB4. NRG1 is a trophic factor that signals through ErbB receptors, particularly ErbB4, to regulate various cellular processes, including neural development, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. Recent advances have revealed that NRG1 and ErbB4 play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, potentially contributing to both positive and negative symptoms of the disorder. NRG1 signaling can influence both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, and its disruption can lead to altered synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Mutations in NRG1 and ERBB4 have been associated with schizophrenia, and animal models of these mutations exhibit behaviors similar to those seen in the disorder. The identification of these genetic links provides a foundation for developing more effective therapeutics for schizophrenia.Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder with a significant genetic component, and recent studies have identified variations in genes such as neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptor ErbB4. NRG1 is a trophic factor that signals through ErbB receptors, particularly ErbB4, to regulate various cellular processes, including neural development, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. Recent advances have revealed that NRG1 and ErbB4 play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, potentially contributing to both positive and negative symptoms of the disorder. NRG1 signaling can influence both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, and its disruption can lead to altered synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Mutations in NRG1 and ERBB4 have been associated with schizophrenia, and animal models of these mutations exhibit behaviors similar to those seen in the disorder. The identification of these genetic links provides a foundation for developing more effective therapeutics for schizophrenia.