The article by Philippe Grandjean and Philip J. Landrigan reviews the neurodevelopmental disabilities affecting millions of children worldwide, including autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, and other cognitive impairments. The authors highlight the role of industrial chemicals in the rising prevalence of these conditions, identifying lead, methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, arsenic, and toluene as known developmental neurotoxicants. Since 2006, six additional chemicals—manganese, fluoride, chlorpyrifos, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers—have been recognized as developmental neurotoxicants. The authors propose a global prevention strategy to address the pandemic of developmental neurotoxicity, emphasizing the need for mandatory testing of existing chemicals and premarket evaluation of new ones, as well as the formation of an international clearinghouse for neurotoxicity assessment. They stress the importance of precautionary approaches and the need to overcome the presumption that new chemicals are safe until proven otherwise. The article also discusses the unique vulnerability of the developing brain to toxic chemical exposures and the long-term consequences of developmental neurotoxicity, including reduced intelligence, impaired academic achievement, and behavioral issues.The article by Philippe Grandjean and Philip J. Landrigan reviews the neurodevelopmental disabilities affecting millions of children worldwide, including autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, and other cognitive impairments. The authors highlight the role of industrial chemicals in the rising prevalence of these conditions, identifying lead, methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, arsenic, and toluene as known developmental neurotoxicants. Since 2006, six additional chemicals—manganese, fluoride, chlorpyrifos, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers—have been recognized as developmental neurotoxicants. The authors propose a global prevention strategy to address the pandemic of developmental neurotoxicity, emphasizing the need for mandatory testing of existing chemicals and premarket evaluation of new ones, as well as the formation of an international clearinghouse for neurotoxicity assessment. They stress the importance of precautionary approaches and the need to overcome the presumption that new chemicals are safe until proven otherwise. The article also discusses the unique vulnerability of the developing brain to toxic chemical exposures and the long-term consequences of developmental neurotoxicity, including reduced intelligence, impaired academic achievement, and behavioral issues.