The article reviews the impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in children. The gut microbiome, which forms in utero and matures during the first 2-3 years of life, is influenced by various factors such as mode of delivery, breastfeeding, exposure to antibiotics, and maternal stress. The gut-brain axis, involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, plays a crucial role in regulating early brain development. Disruptions in the gut microbiome can lead to NDDs, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome, cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and genetic NDDs like Rett, Down, Angelman, and Turner syndromes. The article discusses the changes in the gut microbiome composition and function in these disorders, highlighting the potential for new treatment approaches based on understanding these changes. Key findings include the altered bacterial communities, metabolic products, and dietary habits associated with NDDs, as well as the role of gut microbiota in gene regulation, neuroactive molecule synthesis, and microglial activity.The article reviews the impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in children. The gut microbiome, which forms in utero and matures during the first 2-3 years of life, is influenced by various factors such as mode of delivery, breastfeeding, exposure to antibiotics, and maternal stress. The gut-brain axis, involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, plays a crucial role in regulating early brain development. Disruptions in the gut microbiome can lead to NDDs, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome, cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and genetic NDDs like Rett, Down, Angelman, and Turner syndromes. The article discusses the changes in the gut microbiome composition and function in these disorders, highlighting the potential for new treatment approaches based on understanding these changes. Key findings include the altered bacterial communities, metabolic products, and dietary habits associated with NDDs, as well as the role of gut microbiota in gene regulation, neuroactive molecule synthesis, and microglial activity.