This meta-analysis of 60 neuroimaging studies of working memory (WM) examines the neural basis of WM by considering three types of storage material (spatial, verbal, and object), three types of executive function (continuous updating, memory for temporal order, and manipulation of information), and their interactions. The results show a dorsal-ventral dissociation between spatial and nonspatial storage in the posterior cortex, but not in the frontal cortex. Verbal WM is left lateralized, while spatial WM is right lateralized in the frontal cortex. Executive demand increases right lateralization in the frontal cortex for spatial WM. Tasks requiring executive processing generally produce more dorsal frontal activations than storage-only tasks, but not all executive processes show this pattern. Brodmann's areas (BAs) 6, 8, and 9 in the superior frontal cortex respond most when WM must be continuously updated or memory for temporal order must be maintained. Right BAs 10 and 47 in the ventral frontal cortex respond more frequently with manipulation demands. BA 7 in the posterior parietal cortex is involved in all types of executive function. A potential fourth executive function is selective attention to features of a stimulus to be stored in WM, which increases activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (BA 32). Working memory is a system for actively maintaining and manipulating information, essential for many cognitive tasks. It is conceptualized as an active workspace linked with voluntary attention allocation. Baddeley's model of WM includes two subsystems for maintaining information—phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad—and a central executive system for manipulation. The study of WM is central to understanding memory and thought. The meta-analysis reveals that spatial and object storage are processed in distinct dorsal and ventral streams in the posterior cortex, while verbal WM is left lateralized. Executive processes, such as continuous updating, order memory, and manipulation, are associated with different brain regions. The dorsal frontal cortex is involved in executive functions, while the ventral frontal cortex is involved in rehearsal. Selective attention to stimulus features increases activation in the medial prefrontal cortex. The results suggest that different types of WM and executive functions are associated with distinct brain regions, with some overlap and interactions. The study highlights the importance of considering both material type and executive function in understanding WM.This meta-analysis of 60 neuroimaging studies of working memory (WM) examines the neural basis of WM by considering three types of storage material (spatial, verbal, and object), three types of executive function (continuous updating, memory for temporal order, and manipulation of information), and their interactions. The results show a dorsal-ventral dissociation between spatial and nonspatial storage in the posterior cortex, but not in the frontal cortex. Verbal WM is left lateralized, while spatial WM is right lateralized in the frontal cortex. Executive demand increases right lateralization in the frontal cortex for spatial WM. Tasks requiring executive processing generally produce more dorsal frontal activations than storage-only tasks, but not all executive processes show this pattern. Brodmann's areas (BAs) 6, 8, and 9 in the superior frontal cortex respond most when WM must be continuously updated or memory for temporal order must be maintained. Right BAs 10 and 47 in the ventral frontal cortex respond more frequently with manipulation demands. BA 7 in the posterior parietal cortex is involved in all types of executive function. A potential fourth executive function is selective attention to features of a stimulus to be stored in WM, which increases activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (BA 32). Working memory is a system for actively maintaining and manipulating information, essential for many cognitive tasks. It is conceptualized as an active workspace linked with voluntary attention allocation. Baddeley's model of WM includes two subsystems for maintaining information—phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad—and a central executive system for manipulation. The study of WM is central to understanding memory and thought. The meta-analysis reveals that spatial and object storage are processed in distinct dorsal and ventral streams in the posterior cortex, while verbal WM is left lateralized. Executive processes, such as continuous updating, order memory, and manipulation, are associated with different brain regions. The dorsal frontal cortex is involved in executive functions, while the ventral frontal cortex is involved in rehearsal. Selective attention to stimulus features increases activation in the medial prefrontal cortex. The results suggest that different types of WM and executive functions are associated with distinct brain regions, with some overlap and interactions. The study highlights the importance of considering both material type and executive function in understanding WM.