Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the global population and is characterized by a range of positive and negative symptoms. Current treatments, such as antipsychotics, are effective in only about half of patients and often have serious side effects. Recent research has highlighted the role of neuroinflammation, the gut-brain axis, and the microbiota in schizophrenia pathogenesis, leading to the exploration of psychobiotics as a novel treatment approach. Psychobiotics, which include probiotics and prebiotics, can modulate the intestinal microbiota and neuroinflammatory pathways, potentially alleviating psychiatric symptoms. Advances in nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) are also transforming the development and application of psychobiotics, enhancing their production, precision, and effectiveness. This interdisciplinary approach offers new therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia, potentially improving patient outcomes and providing hope for those affected by the disorder. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in schizophrenia, with alterations in microbial diversity and specific taxa associated with the disease. Intestinal dysbiosis has been linked to metabolic changes and increased inflammation, which can exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms. Probiotics and prebiotics may help restore microbiota balance, influencing neurotransmitter production and brain function. Nanotechnology is being used to protect psychobiotics from harsh gastrointestinal conditions, ensuring their safe delivery and efficacy. AI is also being applied to predict the effects of probiotics and optimize their formulation, improving their therapeutic potential. Research has shown that the gut microbiota interacts with the brain through the gut-brain axis, influencing cognitive function, social behavior, and stress management. The microbiota also affects the immune system, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, all of which are relevant to schizophrenia. Studies have identified associations between specific microbial taxa and schizophrenia symptoms, suggesting that modulating the microbiota could be a promising therapeutic strategy. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and develop effective interventions. The integration of nanotechnology, AI, and psychobiotics represents a new era in schizophrenia treatment, offering personalized and innovative solutions to improve the quality of life for those affected by this complex disorder.Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the global population and is characterized by a range of positive and negative symptoms. Current treatments, such as antipsychotics, are effective in only about half of patients and often have serious side effects. Recent research has highlighted the role of neuroinflammation, the gut-brain axis, and the microbiota in schizophrenia pathogenesis, leading to the exploration of psychobiotics as a novel treatment approach. Psychobiotics, which include probiotics and prebiotics, can modulate the intestinal microbiota and neuroinflammatory pathways, potentially alleviating psychiatric symptoms. Advances in nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) are also transforming the development and application of psychobiotics, enhancing their production, precision, and effectiveness. This interdisciplinary approach offers new therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia, potentially improving patient outcomes and providing hope for those affected by the disorder. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in schizophrenia, with alterations in microbial diversity and specific taxa associated with the disease. Intestinal dysbiosis has been linked to metabolic changes and increased inflammation, which can exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms. Probiotics and prebiotics may help restore microbiota balance, influencing neurotransmitter production and brain function. Nanotechnology is being used to protect psychobiotics from harsh gastrointestinal conditions, ensuring their safe delivery and efficacy. AI is also being applied to predict the effects of probiotics and optimize their formulation, improving their therapeutic potential. Research has shown that the gut microbiota interacts with the brain through the gut-brain axis, influencing cognitive function, social behavior, and stress management. The microbiota also affects the immune system, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, all of which are relevant to schizophrenia. Studies have identified associations between specific microbial taxa and schizophrenia symptoms, suggesting that modulating the microbiota could be a promising therapeutic strategy. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and develop effective interventions. The integration of nanotechnology, AI, and psychobiotics represents a new era in schizophrenia treatment, offering personalized and innovative solutions to improve the quality of life for those affected by this complex disorder.