This review article explores postoperative neurological complications following the surgical extraction of lower third molars. The study followed PRISMA protocols and identified 2,250 articles, of which 1,488 were retained after duplicates were removed. Eleven articles were selected for analysis, focusing on the frequency, nature, and risk factors associated with injuries to the mandibular nerve (IAN) and its branches. The IAN is particularly susceptible to injury during the removal of lower included molars, leading to symptoms such as paresthesia, anesthesia, and dysesthesia. Permanent loss of sensation can occur in severe cases. Various treatments for nerve damage, including low-level laser therapy, pain management medications, and physical therapy, are available, but they often result in a decline in patients' quality of life. Preoperative radiographic techniques, such as CT and panoramic radiography, can help predict and prevent nerve damage. The study emphasizes the importance of detailed preoperative planning, advanced surgical techniques, and effective postoperative management to minimize risks and improve patient outcomes.This review article explores postoperative neurological complications following the surgical extraction of lower third molars. The study followed PRISMA protocols and identified 2,250 articles, of which 1,488 were retained after duplicates were removed. Eleven articles were selected for analysis, focusing on the frequency, nature, and risk factors associated with injuries to the mandibular nerve (IAN) and its branches. The IAN is particularly susceptible to injury during the removal of lower included molars, leading to symptoms such as paresthesia, anesthesia, and dysesthesia. Permanent loss of sensation can occur in severe cases. Various treatments for nerve damage, including low-level laser therapy, pain management medications, and physical therapy, are available, but they often result in a decline in patients' quality of life. Preoperative radiographic techniques, such as CT and panoramic radiography, can help predict and prevent nerve damage. The study emphasizes the importance of detailed preoperative planning, advanced surgical techniques, and effective postoperative management to minimize risks and improve patient outcomes.