Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from *Curcuma longa*, has emerged as a promising candidate for treating various neurodegenerative diseases due to its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antiproliferative, and antibacterial properties. However, its low water solubility, poor stability in the blood, high metabolism rate, limited bioavailability, and difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have hindered its clinical application. To address these limitations, various nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, cubosome nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles have been developed to enhance the delivery of curcumin to brain cells. Functionalizing the surface of these nanoparticles with brain-specific ligands can improve bioavailability and reduce harmful effects. This review summarizes studies on curcumin and/or nanoparticles containing curcumin in common neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its high neuroprotective potential. Curcumin has shown beneficial effects in Parkinson's Disease (PD), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Huntington's Disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and prion disease. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems, particularly those with sizes <200 nm, are effective in crossing the BBB and delivering curcumin to target sites within the brain. The review also discusses the mechanisms by which curcumin acts on different signaling pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Nrf2, AKT, and NF-κB. Overall, curcumin and its nanoparticles show significant promise as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases, offering a safe, natural, and cost-effective approach to managing these disorders.Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from *Curcuma longa*, has emerged as a promising candidate for treating various neurodegenerative diseases due to its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antiproliferative, and antibacterial properties. However, its low water solubility, poor stability in the blood, high metabolism rate, limited bioavailability, and difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have hindered its clinical application. To address these limitations, various nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, cubosome nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles have been developed to enhance the delivery of curcumin to brain cells. Functionalizing the surface of these nanoparticles with brain-specific ligands can improve bioavailability and reduce harmful effects. This review summarizes studies on curcumin and/or nanoparticles containing curcumin in common neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its high neuroprotective potential. Curcumin has shown beneficial effects in Parkinson's Disease (PD), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Huntington's Disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and prion disease. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems, particularly those with sizes <200 nm, are effective in crossing the BBB and delivering curcumin to target sites within the brain. The review also discusses the mechanisms by which curcumin acts on different signaling pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Nrf2, AKT, and NF-κB. Overall, curcumin and its nanoparticles show significant promise as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases, offering a safe, natural, and cost-effective approach to managing these disorders.