Neutron stars (NSs) are compact celestial objects that offer unique opportunities to explore matter and its interactions under extreme conditions. Their gravitational, rotational, and magnetic energy reservoirs fuel a wide range of emissions, including electromagnetic and gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays. However, measuring global NS properties such as mass, radius, and moment of inertia is challenging due to the complexity of their internal structure and the reliance on theoretical models. This article provides a comprehensive review of the methods used to measure NS characteristics, emphasizing the importance of independent methods and multi-messenger approaches. It highlights the recent breakthroughs in gravitational-wave astronomy and the detection of a binary neutron-star merger, which have revolutionized our understanding of NSs. The review covers various techniques for measuring mass, radius, moment of inertia, tidal deformability, compactness, magnetic field, crust physics, and superfluidity. It also discusses the role of multi-messenger observations in gathering complementary data and improving the accuracy of measurements. The aim is to consolidate current knowledge on NS measurements to better interpret data and plan future observations and experiments.Neutron stars (NSs) are compact celestial objects that offer unique opportunities to explore matter and its interactions under extreme conditions. Their gravitational, rotational, and magnetic energy reservoirs fuel a wide range of emissions, including electromagnetic and gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays. However, measuring global NS properties such as mass, radius, and moment of inertia is challenging due to the complexity of their internal structure and the reliance on theoretical models. This article provides a comprehensive review of the methods used to measure NS characteristics, emphasizing the importance of independent methods and multi-messenger approaches. It highlights the recent breakthroughs in gravitational-wave astronomy and the detection of a binary neutron-star merger, which have revolutionized our understanding of NSs. The review covers various techniques for measuring mass, radius, moment of inertia, tidal deformability, compactness, magnetic field, crust physics, and superfluidity. It also discusses the role of multi-messenger observations in gathering complementary data and improving the accuracy of measurements. The aim is to consolidate current knowledge on NS measurements to better interpret data and plan future observations and experiments.