This review provides an overview of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key modulator of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The review covers the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 activation, including canonical and non-canonical pathways, and the role of specific inhibitors and epigenetic mechanisms in regulating NLRP3 activity. It highlights the therapeutic potential of NLRP3 inhibitors in treating NLRP3-mediated diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, autoinflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. The review also discusses the latest findings on epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs, which play a crucial role in controlling NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Specific inhibitors like MCC950, CY-09, OLT1177, and tranilast are discussed for their effectiveness in reducing NLRP3-mediated inflammation and improving various disease outcomes.This review provides an overview of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key modulator of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The review covers the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 activation, including canonical and non-canonical pathways, and the role of specific inhibitors and epigenetic mechanisms in regulating NLRP3 activity. It highlights the therapeutic potential of NLRP3 inhibitors in treating NLRP3-mediated diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, autoinflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. The review also discusses the latest findings on epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs, which play a crucial role in controlling NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Specific inhibitors like MCC950, CY-09, OLT1177, and tranilast are discussed for their effectiveness in reducing NLRP3-mediated inflammation and improving various disease outcomes.