Silk proteins from spiders and silkworms are remarkable for their strength, extensibility, and unique properties that synthetic materials have yet to replicate. These natural materials offer inspiration for developing high-performance, multifunctional materials using green chemistry. The study explores the biological and chemical aspects of silk production, emphasizing the role of processing in determining fiber properties. Silk proteins are processed in glands to achieve high concentrations, enabling the formation of fibers with exceptional mechanical properties. The structure of silk proteins is modular, with specific domains contributing to their functional characteristics. Understanding these processes is crucial for replicating silk properties in synthetic materials. The research highlights the importance of processing conditions, such as temperature, reeling rate, and drawing rate, in modulating silk properties. Silkworm and spider silks can be tailored to match each other's properties through controlled processing. The study also discusses the challenges in replicating silk properties, including the need to include specific domains in genetically engineered silks. The potential applications of silk-based materials are vast, ranging from medical sutures to advanced biomedical devices. The study emphasizes the need for further research to improve silk expression and processing techniques, enabling the development of synthetic materials that mimic the unique properties of natural silks. The future directions include the use of transgenic plants for silk production and the development of new silk-like proteins with enhanced functionalities. The study concludes that silk-based materials have the potential to revolutionize various fields, including biotechnology and medicine, through the application of green chemistry and advanced processing techniques.Silk proteins from spiders and silkworms are remarkable for their strength, extensibility, and unique properties that synthetic materials have yet to replicate. These natural materials offer inspiration for developing high-performance, multifunctional materials using green chemistry. The study explores the biological and chemical aspects of silk production, emphasizing the role of processing in determining fiber properties. Silk proteins are processed in glands to achieve high concentrations, enabling the formation of fibers with exceptional mechanical properties. The structure of silk proteins is modular, with specific domains contributing to their functional characteristics. Understanding these processes is crucial for replicating silk properties in synthetic materials. The research highlights the importance of processing conditions, such as temperature, reeling rate, and drawing rate, in modulating silk properties. Silkworm and spider silks can be tailored to match each other's properties through controlled processing. The study also discusses the challenges in replicating silk properties, including the need to include specific domains in genetically engineered silks. The potential applications of silk-based materials are vast, ranging from medical sutures to advanced biomedical devices. The study emphasizes the need for further research to improve silk expression and processing techniques, enabling the development of synthetic materials that mimic the unique properties of natural silks. The future directions include the use of transgenic plants for silk production and the development of new silk-like proteins with enhanced functionalities. The study concludes that silk-based materials have the potential to revolutionize various fields, including biotechnology and medicine, through the application of green chemistry and advanced processing techniques.