This review discusses the potential of biosurfactants in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications, emphasizing their renewable origin and environmental benefits. Biosurfactants, derived from natural sources such as microorganisms, plants, and animals, are biodegradable and less toxic than petroleum-based surfactants, making them more sustainable. The review covers the production strategies, characterization techniques, and application methods of biosurfactants in EOR. It highlights the importance of biosurfactant selection based on factors like hydrophobic-lipophilic difference (HLD) and their ability to reduce interfacial tension (IFT), improve wettability, and enhance oil mobility. The review also discusses the advantages of biosurfactants over synthetic surfactants, including their biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and compatibility with reservoir conditions. It addresses the challenges in biosurfactant production and application, such as cost-effectiveness and scalability, and emphasizes the need for further research to optimize their use in EOR. The review concludes that biosurfactants offer a promising alternative to traditional surfactants in EOR, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly oil and gas industry.This review discusses the potential of biosurfactants in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications, emphasizing their renewable origin and environmental benefits. Biosurfactants, derived from natural sources such as microorganisms, plants, and animals, are biodegradable and less toxic than petroleum-based surfactants, making them more sustainable. The review covers the production strategies, characterization techniques, and application methods of biosurfactants in EOR. It highlights the importance of biosurfactant selection based on factors like hydrophobic-lipophilic difference (HLD) and their ability to reduce interfacial tension (IFT), improve wettability, and enhance oil mobility. The review also discusses the advantages of biosurfactants over synthetic surfactants, including their biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and compatibility with reservoir conditions. It addresses the challenges in biosurfactant production and application, such as cost-effectiveness and scalability, and emphasizes the need for further research to optimize their use in EOR. The review concludes that biosurfactants offer a promising alternative to traditional surfactants in EOR, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly oil and gas industry.