Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition characterized by insulin deficiency and the loss of pancreatic β cells, requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Advances in treatments have significantly improved care for patients with type 1 diabetes. Ongoing research on genetics, immunology, and interventions to modify disease course and preserve β cell function have expanded our understanding of the condition. Biomarkers can detect type 1 diabetes months to years before the onset of overt disease, and three stages of diabetes are now recognized. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery systems have revolutionized management, improving glycated hemoglobin and reducing hypoglycemia. Adjunctive therapies such as sodium glucose cotransporter-1 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists may play a role in future management. Despite these advancements, people in under-resourced settings struggle to access essential treatments like insulin, syringes, and blood glucose monitoring. This review covers recent developments in diagnosis, treatment, and future directions in type 1 diabetes management.Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition characterized by insulin deficiency and the loss of pancreatic β cells, requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Advances in treatments have significantly improved care for patients with type 1 diabetes. Ongoing research on genetics, immunology, and interventions to modify disease course and preserve β cell function have expanded our understanding of the condition. Biomarkers can detect type 1 diabetes months to years before the onset of overt disease, and three stages of diabetes are now recognized. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery systems have revolutionized management, improving glycated hemoglobin and reducing hypoglycemia. Adjunctive therapies such as sodium glucose cotransporter-1 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists may play a role in future management. Despite these advancements, people in under-resourced settings struggle to access essential treatments like insulin, syringes, and blood glucose monitoring. This review covers recent developments in diagnosis, treatment, and future directions in type 1 diabetes management.