The paper discusses the discovery of two special limiting forms of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) matter at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The authors conclude that an equilibrated, strongly coupled Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) has been produced in these collisions, and there is growing evidence that its source is a Color Glass Condensate (CGC). The QGP is characterized by a thermal equilibrium density matrix of quarks and gluons, while the CGC is characterized by a universal initial density matrix describing high-energy strongly interacting particles, including nuclei. The QGP is the incoherent thermal limit of QCD matter at high temperatures, while the CGC is the coherent limit at high energies. The authors review the theoretical background and experimental evidence supporting these concepts, including the properties of the QGP and the CGC, and discuss the implications for future studies. They highlight the importance of these discoveries for understanding the early universe, supernovae, and other astrophysical phenomena. The paper also discusses the limitations of current theoretical models and the need for further research to fully understand these new forms of matter.The paper discusses the discovery of two special limiting forms of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) matter at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The authors conclude that an equilibrated, strongly coupled Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) has been produced in these collisions, and there is growing evidence that its source is a Color Glass Condensate (CGC). The QGP is characterized by a thermal equilibrium density matrix of quarks and gluons, while the CGC is characterized by a universal initial density matrix describing high-energy strongly interacting particles, including nuclei. The QGP is the incoherent thermal limit of QCD matter at high temperatures, while the CGC is the coherent limit at high energies. The authors review the theoretical background and experimental evidence supporting these concepts, including the properties of the QGP and the CGC, and discuss the implications for future studies. They highlight the importance of these discoveries for understanding the early universe, supernovae, and other astrophysical phenomena. The paper also discusses the limitations of current theoretical models and the need for further research to fully understand these new forms of matter.