The article reviews the main animal models of neurotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration, focusing on rodent models that simulate Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The models are designed to study changes in neurotransmission and neuroinflammation, which are key factors in neurodegenerative processes. PD models, such as those induced by MPTP, rotenone, and 6-OH-dopamine, are effective in replicating dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor symptoms. The rotenone model, in particular, is noted for its ability to produce α-synuclein aggregates, a hallmark of PD. AD models, including those using scopolamine, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), streptozotocin, and monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP), focus on cholinergic dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Scopolamine is widely used to induce memory loss, while LPS, streptozotocin, and mCRP induce neuroinflammation and mild amyloid and tau pathologies. The article highlights the importance of using a variety of models, including in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches, to address the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases and to develop effective treatments. Despite the limitations of current models, they remain essential tools for preclinical research and drug development.The article reviews the main animal models of neurotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration, focusing on rodent models that simulate Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The models are designed to study changes in neurotransmission and neuroinflammation, which are key factors in neurodegenerative processes. PD models, such as those induced by MPTP, rotenone, and 6-OH-dopamine, are effective in replicating dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor symptoms. The rotenone model, in particular, is noted for its ability to produce α-synuclein aggregates, a hallmark of PD. AD models, including those using scopolamine, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), streptozotocin, and monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP), focus on cholinergic dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Scopolamine is widely used to induce memory loss, while LPS, streptozotocin, and mCRP induce neuroinflammation and mild amyloid and tau pathologies. The article highlights the importance of using a variety of models, including in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches, to address the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases and to develop effective treatments. Despite the limitations of current models, they remain essential tools for preclinical research and drug development.