The article reviews animal models of neurotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration, focusing on Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It highlights the importance of using diverse models to understand the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and develop effective therapies. The main models discussed include those based on dopaminergic neurodegeneration (MPTP, rotenone, 6-OHDA), cholinergic neurodegeneration (scopolamine), and neuroinflammation (LPS, streptozotocin, mCRP). These models help replicate the pathological and clinical features of PD and AD in animals, allowing for the testing of potential drugs. While genetic models are widely used, neurotoxicity-based models are also valuable, especially for PD, where they can mimic the disease more accurately than genetic models. However, for AD, genetic models have advanced significantly. The article emphasizes the need to use a variety of models, including in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches, to better understand neurodegenerative diseases and develop effective treatments. It also discusses the importance of considering sex differences in neurodegenerative processes and drug responses. The review concludes that while no single model can fully replicate human neurodegenerative diseases, combining different models can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the disease mechanisms and improve drug development.The article reviews animal models of neurotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration, focusing on Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It highlights the importance of using diverse models to understand the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and develop effective therapies. The main models discussed include those based on dopaminergic neurodegeneration (MPTP, rotenone, 6-OHDA), cholinergic neurodegeneration (scopolamine), and neuroinflammation (LPS, streptozotocin, mCRP). These models help replicate the pathological and clinical features of PD and AD in animals, allowing for the testing of potential drugs. While genetic models are widely used, neurotoxicity-based models are also valuable, especially for PD, where they can mimic the disease more accurately than genetic models. However, for AD, genetic models have advanced significantly. The article emphasizes the need to use a variety of models, including in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches, to better understand neurodegenerative diseases and develop effective treatments. It also discusses the importance of considering sex differences in neurodegenerative processes and drug responses. The review concludes that while no single model can fully replicate human neurodegenerative diseases, combining different models can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the disease mechanisms and improve drug development.