Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SO coupling) was first introduced in 1984 to explain peculiarities in electron spin resonance of two-dimensional semiconductors. Over the past thirty years, it has led to numerous predictions, discoveries, and concepts beyond semiconductors. The past decade has seen significant progress in manipulating spin orientation through electron motion, controlling electron trajectories with spin, and discovering new topological materials. This review highlights recent and ongoing realizations of Rashba physics in condensed matter and beyond. Rashba SO coupling arises in systems lacking inversion symmetry, leading to a momentum-dependent effective magnetic field. This coupling enables fascinating phenomena, such as spin Hall effect, spin interferences, and spin galvanic effects. The spin Hall effect converts an unpolarized charge current into a pure spin current, with two mechanisms: extrinsic (due to impurities) and intrinsic (due to band structure). The spin Hall effect has been observed in various materials, including semiconductors and metals, and has applications in spintronic devices. Spin interferences arise from the geometric (Berry) phase induced by Rashba coupling, leading to spin-polarized currents. The spin galvanic effect converts spin density into charge current, with applications in spin detection and manipulation. Electrical spin manipulation is enabled by gate-controlled Rashba coupling, allowing for spin state control in semiconductors. Rashba coupling also enables spin-orbit torque in ferromagnets, allowing for magnetization control. This has applications in magnetic memory and logic. Topological insulators and superconductors, influenced by Rashba coupling, exhibit edge states and Majorana fermions, which are promising for quantum computing. Low-dimensional Dirac systems, such as graphene and TMDCs, exhibit unique properties due to Rashba coupling, including quantum Hall effects and valley Hall effects. Pseudospin concepts help describe these systems, with applications in cold-atom systems. Cold-atom systems allow for synthetic SO coupling, enabling exploration of new physical regimes. Overall, Rashba SO coupling has become a central topic in spintronics and quantum computing, with applications in spin manipulation, topological materials, and quantum information processing.Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SO coupling) was first introduced in 1984 to explain peculiarities in electron spin resonance of two-dimensional semiconductors. Over the past thirty years, it has led to numerous predictions, discoveries, and concepts beyond semiconductors. The past decade has seen significant progress in manipulating spin orientation through electron motion, controlling electron trajectories with spin, and discovering new topological materials. This review highlights recent and ongoing realizations of Rashba physics in condensed matter and beyond. Rashba SO coupling arises in systems lacking inversion symmetry, leading to a momentum-dependent effective magnetic field. This coupling enables fascinating phenomena, such as spin Hall effect, spin interferences, and spin galvanic effects. The spin Hall effect converts an unpolarized charge current into a pure spin current, with two mechanisms: extrinsic (due to impurities) and intrinsic (due to band structure). The spin Hall effect has been observed in various materials, including semiconductors and metals, and has applications in spintronic devices. Spin interferences arise from the geometric (Berry) phase induced by Rashba coupling, leading to spin-polarized currents. The spin galvanic effect converts spin density into charge current, with applications in spin detection and manipulation. Electrical spin manipulation is enabled by gate-controlled Rashba coupling, allowing for spin state control in semiconductors. Rashba coupling also enables spin-orbit torque in ferromagnets, allowing for magnetization control. This has applications in magnetic memory and logic. Topological insulators and superconductors, influenced by Rashba coupling, exhibit edge states and Majorana fermions, which are promising for quantum computing. Low-dimensional Dirac systems, such as graphene and TMDCs, exhibit unique properties due to Rashba coupling, including quantum Hall effects and valley Hall effects. Pseudospin concepts help describe these systems, with applications in cold-atom systems. Cold-atom systems allow for synthetic SO coupling, enabling exploration of new physical regimes. Overall, Rashba SO coupling has become a central topic in spintronics and quantum computing, with applications in spin manipulation, topological materials, and quantum information processing.