Next generation probiotics (NGPs) are emerging as a promising area in human health, offering potential benefits beyond traditional probiotics. NGPs are defined as live bacteria that, when administered in appropriate amounts, confer health benefits. They are considered biotherapeutic products and are being explored for their role in preventing and treating diseases associated with gut dysbiosis. Unlike conventional probiotics, NGPs are more complex and require specific conditions for survival, making their development and application challenging. They are primarily derived from gut bacteria such as Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, and Clostridium, which have shown potential in preventing and treating conditions like colitis, obesity, liver disease, and diabetes. However, these bacteria are highly sensitive to oxygen and gastric conditions, posing challenges in large-scale production and delivery. NGPs are being studied for their ability to enhance gut barrier function, modulate immune responses, and produce short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, which support intestinal health. They are also being explored for their potential in treating inflammatory and metabolic disorders. The development of NGPs requires rigorous clinical trials and regulatory approval, as they are classified as live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) rather than dietary supplements. The regulatory framework varies by country, with different agencies overseeing their safety and efficacy. Despite the challenges, NGPs show great promise in improving human health, particularly in targeted therapies for chronic diseases. However, further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms, ensure their safety, and optimize their delivery and application. The future of NGPs lies in their ability to provide precise, effective, and safe solutions for a wide range of health conditions.Next generation probiotics (NGPs) are emerging as a promising area in human health, offering potential benefits beyond traditional probiotics. NGPs are defined as live bacteria that, when administered in appropriate amounts, confer health benefits. They are considered biotherapeutic products and are being explored for their role in preventing and treating diseases associated with gut dysbiosis. Unlike conventional probiotics, NGPs are more complex and require specific conditions for survival, making their development and application challenging. They are primarily derived from gut bacteria such as Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, and Clostridium, which have shown potential in preventing and treating conditions like colitis, obesity, liver disease, and diabetes. However, these bacteria are highly sensitive to oxygen and gastric conditions, posing challenges in large-scale production and delivery. NGPs are being studied for their ability to enhance gut barrier function, modulate immune responses, and produce short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, which support intestinal health. They are also being explored for their potential in treating inflammatory and metabolic disorders. The development of NGPs requires rigorous clinical trials and regulatory approval, as they are classified as live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) rather than dietary supplements. The regulatory framework varies by country, with different agencies overseeing their safety and efficacy. Despite the challenges, NGPs show great promise in improving human health, particularly in targeted therapies for chronic diseases. However, further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms, ensure their safety, and optimize their delivery and application. The future of NGPs lies in their ability to provide precise, effective, and safe solutions for a wide range of health conditions.