The article provides an overview of next-generation probiotics (NGPs) and their emerging role in human health. NGPs are defined as live bacteria identified through comparative microbiota analyses that confer health benefits when administered in appropriate amounts. These microorganisms, particularly from genera such as *Bacteroides*, *Faecalibacterium*, *Akkermansia*, and *Clostridium*, exhibit greater ambiguity in their potential to induce infectious diseases compared to traditional probiotics like *Lactobacillus* and *Bifidobacterium*. The review highlights the challenges in large-scale production due to the nutritional demands and sensitivity of NGPs to aerobic conditions, emphasizing the need for suitable delivery systems to enhance their viability and functionality. The article discusses the health benefits of NGPs, including their potential to prevent and treat conditions such as colitis, obesity, liver disease, and diabetes. It also reviews the regulatory framework and risk assessment criteria for commercializing NGPs in food and pharmaceutical markets. Techniques for enhancing the viability and stability of NGPs, such as microencapsulation, spray drying, extrusion, emulsification, electrospraying, and freeze-drying, are explored. The safety and effectiveness considerations for NGPs are addressed, including the need for clinical trials and regulatory approval. The authors conclude that while significant progress has been made in understanding the role of NGPs in human health, further research is needed to advance their development and commercialization. The focus on specific diseases and life phases is expected to drive the expansion of NGP applications, offering innovative approaches to improve health beyond traditional probiotic benefits.The article provides an overview of next-generation probiotics (NGPs) and their emerging role in human health. NGPs are defined as live bacteria identified through comparative microbiota analyses that confer health benefits when administered in appropriate amounts. These microorganisms, particularly from genera such as *Bacteroides*, *Faecalibacterium*, *Akkermansia*, and *Clostridium*, exhibit greater ambiguity in their potential to induce infectious diseases compared to traditional probiotics like *Lactobacillus* and *Bifidobacterium*. The review highlights the challenges in large-scale production due to the nutritional demands and sensitivity of NGPs to aerobic conditions, emphasizing the need for suitable delivery systems to enhance their viability and functionality. The article discusses the health benefits of NGPs, including their potential to prevent and treat conditions such as colitis, obesity, liver disease, and diabetes. It also reviews the regulatory framework and risk assessment criteria for commercializing NGPs in food and pharmaceutical markets. Techniques for enhancing the viability and stability of NGPs, such as microencapsulation, spray drying, extrusion, emulsification, electrospraying, and freeze-drying, are explored. The safety and effectiveness considerations for NGPs are addressed, including the need for clinical trials and regulatory approval. The authors conclude that while significant progress has been made in understanding the role of NGPs in human health, further research is needed to advance their development and commercialization. The focus on specific diseases and life phases is expected to drive the expansion of NGP applications, offering innovative approaches to improve health beyond traditional probiotic benefits.