The article discusses next-generation therapeutics for retinal neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and inherited retinal disorders. Current treatments for these conditions include small molecule drugs, biologics, and gene therapies, often administered topically as eye drops or via injections. However, topical administration faces challenges in reaching the posterior segment of the eye and achieving desired concentrations, while injections and implants risk complications such as retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. The review highlights the need for innovative therapeutic strategies that can prolong drug release, deliver effective concentrations to the back of the eye with minimal systemic exposure, and improve patient compliance and safety. The article discusses various drug and gene delivery systems currently in preclinical and clinical development, including nanoparticles, thermogels, liposomes, and viral and nonviral vectors. It also covers engineered materials such as contact lenses, surgically implantable devices, and injectable devices, as well as cell-based therapies. The review emphasizes the potential for clinical translation of these therapies, with a focus on their efficacy and safety in relevant animal models. The article also discusses the current standard of care for glaucoma, which involves lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) through pharmacologic or surgical means. The three main types of glaucoma medications are beta adrenergic antagonists, alpha adrenergic agonists, and prostaglandin analogs, all of which are administered primarily as eyedrops. However, these medications often require frequent dosing and may have systemic side effects. The article highlights emerging treatment options, including sustained-release implants and novel formulations that provide long-term IOP reduction. For AMD, the article discusses the current standard of care, which includes anti-VEGF therapy to reduce vascular leakage and inhibit neovascularization. The review also highlights emerging treatment options, including new formulations of anti-VEGF biologics and implantable devices that provide sustained therapeutic effects. The article emphasizes the need for further research and development of novel therapies to improve the treatment of retinal neurodegenerative diseases.The article discusses next-generation therapeutics for retinal neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and inherited retinal disorders. Current treatments for these conditions include small molecule drugs, biologics, and gene therapies, often administered topically as eye drops or via injections. However, topical administration faces challenges in reaching the posterior segment of the eye and achieving desired concentrations, while injections and implants risk complications such as retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. The review highlights the need for innovative therapeutic strategies that can prolong drug release, deliver effective concentrations to the back of the eye with minimal systemic exposure, and improve patient compliance and safety. The article discusses various drug and gene delivery systems currently in preclinical and clinical development, including nanoparticles, thermogels, liposomes, and viral and nonviral vectors. It also covers engineered materials such as contact lenses, surgically implantable devices, and injectable devices, as well as cell-based therapies. The review emphasizes the potential for clinical translation of these therapies, with a focus on their efficacy and safety in relevant animal models. The article also discusses the current standard of care for glaucoma, which involves lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) through pharmacologic or surgical means. The three main types of glaucoma medications are beta adrenergic antagonists, alpha adrenergic agonists, and prostaglandin analogs, all of which are administered primarily as eyedrops. However, these medications often require frequent dosing and may have systemic side effects. The article highlights emerging treatment options, including sustained-release implants and novel formulations that provide long-term IOP reduction. For AMD, the article discusses the current standard of care, which includes anti-VEGF therapy to reduce vascular leakage and inhibit neovascularization. The review also highlights emerging treatment options, including new formulations of anti-VEGF biologics and implantable devices that provide sustained therapeutic effects. The article emphasizes the need for further research and development of novel therapies to improve the treatment of retinal neurodegenerative diseases.