2011 March 9 | Brad M. Rosen, Kyle W. Quasdort, Daniella A. Wilson, Na Zhang, Ana-Maria Resmerita, Neil K. Garg, and Virgil Percec
This review summarizes the development and application of nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings involving carbon-oxygen bonds, highlighting the advantages of using phenol- and enol-derived electrophiles over traditional aryl halides. The review discusses the historical context, the role of nickel as a cost-effective and versatile alternative to palladium and platinum, and the scope of nickel-catalyzed reactions involving aryl and vinyl sulfonates and sulfates. It covers the mechanisms and conditions for homocoupling, cross-coupling, and functionalization of C-O bonds, emphasizing the importance of these reactions in the synthesis of complex organic molecules and materials. The review also addresses the challenges associated with the reactivity of C-O bonds compared to C-X bonds and the strategies used to overcome these challenges, such as activating the C-O bond through sulfonation or using alternative electrophiles. The review highlights the significant contributions of various researchers in developing efficient and selective nickel-catalyzed methods for the synthesis of biaryls and other complex organic compounds, demonstrating the versatility and practicality of nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings in modern organic chemistry.This review summarizes the development and application of nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings involving carbon-oxygen bonds, highlighting the advantages of using phenol- and enol-derived electrophiles over traditional aryl halides. The review discusses the historical context, the role of nickel as a cost-effective and versatile alternative to palladium and platinum, and the scope of nickel-catalyzed reactions involving aryl and vinyl sulfonates and sulfates. It covers the mechanisms and conditions for homocoupling, cross-coupling, and functionalization of C-O bonds, emphasizing the importance of these reactions in the synthesis of complex organic molecules and materials. The review also addresses the challenges associated with the reactivity of C-O bonds compared to C-X bonds and the strategies used to overcome these challenges, such as activating the C-O bond through sulfonation or using alternative electrophiles. The review highlights the significant contributions of various researchers in developing efficient and selective nickel-catalyzed methods for the synthesis of biaryls and other complex organic compounds, demonstrating the versatility and practicality of nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings in modern organic chemistry.