The article by Willy Passchier-Vermeer and Wim F. Passchier discusses the health risks associated with noise exposure, emphasizing its impact on public health. They highlight that noise can induce hearing impairment, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbance, and decreased school performance. While the evidence for some effects, such as changes in the immune system and birth defects, is limited, the authors stress the need for further research on noise-induced cardiovascular disorders and the relationship between noise and non-acoustic factors affecting health outcomes. They also emphasize the importance of studying the effects of noise on children, including cognitive effects and their reversibility. The authors note that noise exposure is increasing in both industrialized and developing regions, making it a significant public health issue in the 21st century. The article provides a detailed overview of the assessment of noise exposure and its health effects, including the use of sound pressure levels and sound levels to measure noise exposure. It discusses the impact of noise on hearing, psychosocial effects, stress-related health issues, cardiovascular effects, sleep disturbance, and cognitive performance. The authors recommend setting exposure limits and using appropriate noise metrics to protect public health, particularly in the context of occupational and environmental noise exposure. They advocate for further research to understand the mechanisms underlying noise-induced health effects and to develop effective noise abatement policies.The article by Willy Passchier-Vermeer and Wim F. Passchier discusses the health risks associated with noise exposure, emphasizing its impact on public health. They highlight that noise can induce hearing impairment, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbance, and decreased school performance. While the evidence for some effects, such as changes in the immune system and birth defects, is limited, the authors stress the need for further research on noise-induced cardiovascular disorders and the relationship between noise and non-acoustic factors affecting health outcomes. They also emphasize the importance of studying the effects of noise on children, including cognitive effects and their reversibility. The authors note that noise exposure is increasing in both industrialized and developing regions, making it a significant public health issue in the 21st century. The article provides a detailed overview of the assessment of noise exposure and its health effects, including the use of sound pressure levels and sound levels to measure noise exposure. It discusses the impact of noise on hearing, psychosocial effects, stress-related health issues, cardiovascular effects, sleep disturbance, and cognitive performance. The authors recommend setting exposure limits and using appropriate noise metrics to protect public health, particularly in the context of occupational and environmental noise exposure. They advocate for further research to understand the mechanisms underlying noise-induced health effects and to develop effective noise abatement policies.