This review discusses the nomenclature for macrolide and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance determinants. Macrolides, composed of 14-16 membered lactones, were introduced as antibiotics in the 1950s but quickly faced resistance due to the emergence of MLS-resistant bacteria. The primary mechanism of MLS resistance involves the modification of the 23S rRNA by adenine-N6 methyltransferases, leading to reduced binding affinity for macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B antibiotics. The review proposes a new nomenclature system for MLS genes,借鉴了四环素抗性基因的命名规则，以减少混乱和提高识别效率。此外，文章还讨论了其他抗性机制，如外排系统和靶标修饰，并强调了随着新类抗生素的使用增加，抗性基因的传播和识别的重要性。This review discusses the nomenclature for macrolide and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance determinants. Macrolides, composed of 14-16 membered lactones, were introduced as antibiotics in the 1950s but quickly faced resistance due to the emergence of MLS-resistant bacteria. The primary mechanism of MLS resistance involves the modification of the 23S rRNA by adenine-N6 methyltransferases, leading to reduced binding affinity for macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B antibiotics. The review proposes a new nomenclature system for MLS genes,借鉴了四环素抗性基因的命名规则，以减少混乱和提高识别效率。此外，文章还讨论了其他抗性机制，如外排系统和靶标修饰，并强调了随着新类抗生素的使用增加，抗性基因的传播和识别的重要性。