This paper re-evaluates non-dimensional wind and temperature profiles in the atmospheric surface layer, addressing discrepancies between previous experiments. These discrepancies are attributed to instrumental shortcomings and inadequate treatment of flow distortion. The study presents results from a surface-layer field experiment with careful error minimization. Data from 90 30-min runs, with turbulence measurements at three levels (3, 6, and 14 m), were analyzed to examine flux-gradient relationships for wind and temperature.
Flux measurements showed that momentum and sensible heat fluxes were constant within ±7% for the entire 14 m layer under slightly stable conditions. For more stable conditions, fluxes decreased systematically in the 6–14 m layer. From near-neutral data, von Kármán's constant was found to be 0.40 ± 0.01, and φh at neutral was 0.95 ± 0.04. These uncertainties include statistical and systematic errors.
Data for φm and φh over a wider stability range (1 > ζ > -3) were presented. Several formulas for φm and φh were compared, with modifications based on k = 0.40 and φh at ζ = 0 = 0.95. After corrections, the most commonly used formulas for unstable conditions (Businger et al., 1971; Dyer, 1974) agreed within ±10% with each other and with the data. For stable conditions, formulas still showed some disagreement. The modified Businger et al. (1971) curve for φh fit the data well, while Dyer's (1974) curve for φm showed slightly better agreement.
The paper highlights the importance of correcting for flow distortion and the need for further research to resolve discrepancies in flux-gradient relationships. It also emphasizes the dynamic nature of probe-induced flow distortion and the need for improved instruments to minimize errors.This paper re-evaluates non-dimensional wind and temperature profiles in the atmospheric surface layer, addressing discrepancies between previous experiments. These discrepancies are attributed to instrumental shortcomings and inadequate treatment of flow distortion. The study presents results from a surface-layer field experiment with careful error minimization. Data from 90 30-min runs, with turbulence measurements at three levels (3, 6, and 14 m), were analyzed to examine flux-gradient relationships for wind and temperature.
Flux measurements showed that momentum and sensible heat fluxes were constant within ±7% for the entire 14 m layer under slightly stable conditions. For more stable conditions, fluxes decreased systematically in the 6–14 m layer. From near-neutral data, von Kármán's constant was found to be 0.40 ± 0.01, and φh at neutral was 0.95 ± 0.04. These uncertainties include statistical and systematic errors.
Data for φm and φh over a wider stability range (1 > ζ > -3) were presented. Several formulas for φm and φh were compared, with modifications based on k = 0.40 and φh at ζ = 0 = 0.95. After corrections, the most commonly used formulas for unstable conditions (Businger et al., 1971; Dyer, 1974) agreed within ±10% with each other and with the data. For stable conditions, formulas still showed some disagreement. The modified Businger et al. (1971) curve for φh fit the data well, while Dyer's (1974) curve for φm showed slightly better agreement.
The paper highlights the importance of correcting for flow distortion and the need for further research to resolve discrepancies in flux-gradient relationships. It also emphasizes the dynamic nature of probe-induced flow distortion and the need for improved instruments to minimize errors.