Non-invasive imaging through opaque scattering layers

Non-invasive imaging through opaque scattering layers

2015 | J. Bertolotti, E.G. van Putten, C. Blum, A. Lagendijk, W.L. Vos, A.P. Mosk
This paper presents a method for non-invasive imaging through opaque scattering layers using the optical memory effect. Light scattering blurs images, making it difficult to see through thick clouds or deep biological tissues. The authors describe a technique to retrieve the shape of an object hidden behind a strongly scattering, opaque screen by analyzing the speckle pattern generated by coherent light. The method relies on the optical memory effect, which describes how the speckle pattern generated by a coherent beam impinging on a scattering layer is related to the speckle pattern generated by a beam with a different angle of incidence. By measuring the intensity of fluorescence emitted by the object, the method can reconstruct the object's shape through autocorrelation and inversion techniques. The key equation derived in the paper relates the measured autocorrelation of the fluorescence intensity to the autocorrelation of the hidden object. This relationship allows the reconstruction of the object's shape, even when it is hidden behind a strongly scattering layer. The method is particularly useful because it does not depend on the optical density of the medium, unlike many other methods. The paper also discusses the challenges of reconstructing the object's shape from the autocorrelation, including the loss of absolute position information and the ambiguity in orientation. To overcome these challenges, the authors use a Gerchberg-Saxton-like algorithm, which iteratively imposes the condition that the autocorrelation of the object is known. This algorithm is implemented in Mathematica and has been shown to be effective in experimental conditions. The method has potential applications in biophotonics and other fields where imaging through scattering media is challenging. The paper concludes that the optical memory effect provides a powerful tool for non-invasive imaging through opaque scattering layers.This paper presents a method for non-invasive imaging through opaque scattering layers using the optical memory effect. Light scattering blurs images, making it difficult to see through thick clouds or deep biological tissues. The authors describe a technique to retrieve the shape of an object hidden behind a strongly scattering, opaque screen by analyzing the speckle pattern generated by coherent light. The method relies on the optical memory effect, which describes how the speckle pattern generated by a coherent beam impinging on a scattering layer is related to the speckle pattern generated by a beam with a different angle of incidence. By measuring the intensity of fluorescence emitted by the object, the method can reconstruct the object's shape through autocorrelation and inversion techniques. The key equation derived in the paper relates the measured autocorrelation of the fluorescence intensity to the autocorrelation of the hidden object. This relationship allows the reconstruction of the object's shape, even when it is hidden behind a strongly scattering layer. The method is particularly useful because it does not depend on the optical density of the medium, unlike many other methods. The paper also discusses the challenges of reconstructing the object's shape from the autocorrelation, including the loss of absolute position information and the ambiguity in orientation. To overcome these challenges, the authors use a Gerchberg-Saxton-like algorithm, which iteratively imposes the condition that the autocorrelation of the object is known. This algorithm is implemented in Mathematica and has been shown to be effective in experimental conditions. The method has potential applications in biophotonics and other fields where imaging through scattering media is challenging. The paper concludes that the optical memory effect provides a powerful tool for non-invasive imaging through opaque scattering layers.
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