This article reviews the current treatments and future advances in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for the majority of lung cancer cases and is associated with significant risk factors such as cigarette smoking, environmental exposure, and genetic predispositions. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, each with its own advantages and limitations. The article highlights the importance of biomarker testing in personalized medicine, which has led to the development of targeted therapies for specific mutations, such as EGFR, ALK, and BRAF. Immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines, has shown promising results in improving survival rates and is an active area of research. The article concludes by emphasizing the ongoing efforts to develop novel treatments and improve patient outcomes in NSCLC.This article reviews the current treatments and future advances in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for the majority of lung cancer cases and is associated with significant risk factors such as cigarette smoking, environmental exposure, and genetic predispositions. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, each with its own advantages and limitations. The article highlights the importance of biomarker testing in personalized medicine, which has led to the development of targeted therapies for specific mutations, such as EGFR, ALK, and BRAF. Immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines, has shown promising results in improving survival rates and is an active area of research. The article concludes by emphasizing the ongoing efforts to develop novel treatments and improve patient outcomes in NSCLC.