Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for 85% of all cases. It is associated with risk factors such as smoking, radon exposure, asbestos, and air pollution. NSCLC is classified into three subtypes: squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma. Current treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Advances in genetics and biomarker testing have enabled more personalized treatment approaches, targeting specific mutations such as EGFR, ALK, and KRAS. Targeted therapies have improved survival rates in patients with these mutations. Immunotherapy, which harnesses the body's immune system to fight cancer, has also shown promise, with agents like nivolumab and crizotinib demonstrating efficacy in clinical trials. Vaccines are being explored as potential treatments, with some showing improved survival rates in clinical trials. Despite these advances, lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and ongoing research is focused on developing novel therapies to improve outcomes for patients.Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for 85% of all cases. It is associated with risk factors such as smoking, radon exposure, asbestos, and air pollution. NSCLC is classified into three subtypes: squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma. Current treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Advances in genetics and biomarker testing have enabled more personalized treatment approaches, targeting specific mutations such as EGFR, ALK, and KRAS. Targeted therapies have improved survival rates in patients with these mutations. Immunotherapy, which harnesses the body's immune system to fight cancer, has also shown promise, with agents like nivolumab and crizotinib demonstrating efficacy in clinical trials. Vaccines are being explored as potential treatments, with some showing improved survival rates in clinical trials. Despite these advances, lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and ongoing research is focused on developing novel therapies to improve outcomes for patients.