Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the majority of the human transcribed genome, playing diverse roles in cellular processes and implicated in many diseases, especially cancer. They include microRNAs (miRNAs), short ncRNAs, and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), such as lincRNAs, antisense RNAs, pseudogenes, and circular RNAs (circRNAs). These ncRNAs participate in competitive regulatory interactions, known as ceRNA networks, where lncRNAs can act as miRNA decoys to modulate gene expression. Aberrant expression of any network component can disrupt complex regulatory circuits, leading to cancer development and progression. Recent studies have shown that computational and experimental approaches can identify key ceRNA interactions in specific cancers, aiding in the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The ceRNA hypothesis suggests that lncRNAs can regulate gene expression by titrating miRNAs. Studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs, such as H19, GAS5, Linc-ROR, NEAT1, MALAT1, PVT1, HOTAIR, and pseudogenes, play critical roles in cancer by acting as miRNA sponges. These ncRNAs regulate gene expression through ceRNA interactions, influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Circular RNAs, such as CDR1as, circ-ITCH, circHIPK3, and circPVT1, also function as miRNA sponges, modulating cancer progression. Cellular localization affects miRNA-mediated gene regulation, with miRNAs and lncRNAs shuttling between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Nuclear lncRNAs, such as XIST and NEAT1, can act as miRNA sponges, influencing gene expression and cancer development. The diagnostic and prognostic potential of ceRNA interactions has been explored, with studies identifying ceRNA networks as valuable tools for predicting drug responses and cancer prognosis. Advances in genome engineering, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and Cas13, offer new opportunities to study and manipulate ceRNA interactions. These tools enable precise RNA targeting and editing, facilitating the investigation of ceRNA networks in cancer. The integration of computational analysis and experimental platforms is essential for understanding the complex regulatory circuits involving ncRNAs and their roles in cancer biology. This knowledge can lead to the development of more effective cancer therapies and improved patient outcomes.Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the majority of the human transcribed genome, playing diverse roles in cellular processes and implicated in many diseases, especially cancer. They include microRNAs (miRNAs), short ncRNAs, and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), such as lincRNAs, antisense RNAs, pseudogenes, and circular RNAs (circRNAs). These ncRNAs participate in competitive regulatory interactions, known as ceRNA networks, where lncRNAs can act as miRNA decoys to modulate gene expression. Aberrant expression of any network component can disrupt complex regulatory circuits, leading to cancer development and progression. Recent studies have shown that computational and experimental approaches can identify key ceRNA interactions in specific cancers, aiding in the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The ceRNA hypothesis suggests that lncRNAs can regulate gene expression by titrating miRNAs. Studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs, such as H19, GAS5, Linc-ROR, NEAT1, MALAT1, PVT1, HOTAIR, and pseudogenes, play critical roles in cancer by acting as miRNA sponges. These ncRNAs regulate gene expression through ceRNA interactions, influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Circular RNAs, such as CDR1as, circ-ITCH, circHIPK3, and circPVT1, also function as miRNA sponges, modulating cancer progression. Cellular localization affects miRNA-mediated gene regulation, with miRNAs and lncRNAs shuttling between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Nuclear lncRNAs, such as XIST and NEAT1, can act as miRNA sponges, influencing gene expression and cancer development. The diagnostic and prognostic potential of ceRNA interactions has been explored, with studies identifying ceRNA networks as valuable tools for predicting drug responses and cancer prognosis. Advances in genome engineering, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and Cas13, offer new opportunities to study and manipulate ceRNA interactions. These tools enable precise RNA targeting and editing, facilitating the investigation of ceRNA networks in cancer. The integration of computational analysis and experimental platforms is essential for understanding the complex regulatory circuits involving ncRNAs and their roles in cancer biology. This knowledge can lead to the development of more effective cancer therapies and improved patient outcomes.