Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute a significant portion of the human transcribed genome and play diverse roles in cellular processes, including cancer. This review focuses on the regulatory networks involving ncRNAs, particularly the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis. CeRNA interactions involve lncRNAs acting as microRNA (miRNA) decoys to modulate gene expression, often through interconnected networks. Abnormal expression of any network component can disrupt these complex regulatory circuits, leading to cancer development and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of computational platforms and experimental approaches to identify key ceRNA interactions in specific cancers, which could facilitate the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The review covers the molecular mechanisms of ceRNA interactions, the roles of different lncRNA classes as ceRNAs in cancer, their cellular localization, and the implications for ceRNA regulation. It also discusses the diagnostic and prognostic value of ceRNA networks and highlights the conservation of ncRNA species and ceRNA networks between humans and mice, which could aid in translational research.Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute a significant portion of the human transcribed genome and play diverse roles in cellular processes, including cancer. This review focuses on the regulatory networks involving ncRNAs, particularly the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis. CeRNA interactions involve lncRNAs acting as microRNA (miRNA) decoys to modulate gene expression, often through interconnected networks. Abnormal expression of any network component can disrupt these complex regulatory circuits, leading to cancer development and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of computational platforms and experimental approaches to identify key ceRNA interactions in specific cancers, which could facilitate the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The review covers the molecular mechanisms of ceRNA interactions, the roles of different lncRNA classes as ceRNAs in cancer, their cellular localization, and the implications for ceRNA regulation. It also discusses the diagnostic and prognostic value of ceRNA networks and highlights the conservation of ncRNA species and ceRNA networks between humans and mice, which could aid in translational research.