This study presents a method for noncovalently functionalizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to create highly specific electronic biosensors for detecting biomolecules. The research explores the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as a platform for studying protein-protein and surface-protein interactions, and for developing electronic sensors that can detect clinically important biomolecules such as antibodies associated with autoimmune diseases. A major challenge in using CNTs for biosensing is nonspecific binding of proteins, which can interfere with the accuracy of the sensor. To overcome this, the researchers immobilized polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains on the CNTs, which effectively prevents nonspecific binding while allowing the selective recognition and binding of target proteins. This approach, combined with the high sensitivity of nanotube electronic devices, enables the development of highly specific electronic sensors for detecting proteins. The study demonstrates that proteins generally exhibit nonspecific binding on CNTs, which can be mitigated by functionalizing the CNTs with surfactants such as Tween 20 or triblock copolymers like Pluronic P103. These surfactants prevent nonspecific binding while enabling the binding of specific proteins of interest. The researchers also show that functionalized CNTs can be used to detect specific proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the human autoantigen U1A, which is a target in autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. The study uses a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and electronic transport measurements to investigate the interactions between proteins and CNTs. The results show that functionalized CNTs can effectively resist nonspecific protein binding and enable the specific detection of target proteins. The electronic sensors developed in this study can detect proteins in solution without the need for labeling, making them highly sensitive and specific. The research also highlights the potential of CNT-based biosensors for medical diagnostics and biological applications. The study demonstrates that CNTs can be used to detect the binding of mAbs to a recombinant human autoantigen, which is a key step in diagnosing autoimmune diseases. The results suggest that CNT-based biosensors could be used for high-throughput screening of mAbs, which is important for identifying and developing new therapeutics. In conclusion, the study presents a novel method for functionalizing CNTs to create highly specific electronic biosensors for detecting biomolecules. The approach involves noncovalent functionalization with PEO chains and surfactants to prevent nonspecific binding while enabling the selective detection of target proteins. The results demonstrate the potential of CNT-based biosensors for medical diagnostics and biological applications, with the ability to detect proteins in solution without the need for labeling.This study presents a method for noncovalently functionalizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to create highly specific electronic biosensors for detecting biomolecules. The research explores the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as a platform for studying protein-protein and surface-protein interactions, and for developing electronic sensors that can detect clinically important biomolecules such as antibodies associated with autoimmune diseases. A major challenge in using CNTs for biosensing is nonspecific binding of proteins, which can interfere with the accuracy of the sensor. To overcome this, the researchers immobilized polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains on the CNTs, which effectively prevents nonspecific binding while allowing the selective recognition and binding of target proteins. This approach, combined with the high sensitivity of nanotube electronic devices, enables the development of highly specific electronic sensors for detecting proteins. The study demonstrates that proteins generally exhibit nonspecific binding on CNTs, which can be mitigated by functionalizing the CNTs with surfactants such as Tween 20 or triblock copolymers like Pluronic P103. These surfactants prevent nonspecific binding while enabling the binding of specific proteins of interest. The researchers also show that functionalized CNTs can be used to detect specific proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the human autoantigen U1A, which is a target in autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. The study uses a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and electronic transport measurements to investigate the interactions between proteins and CNTs. The results show that functionalized CNTs can effectively resist nonspecific protein binding and enable the specific detection of target proteins. The electronic sensors developed in this study can detect proteins in solution without the need for labeling, making them highly sensitive and specific. The research also highlights the potential of CNT-based biosensors for medical diagnostics and biological applications. The study demonstrates that CNTs can be used to detect the binding of mAbs to a recombinant human autoantigen, which is a key step in diagnosing autoimmune diseases. The results suggest that CNT-based biosensors could be used for high-throughput screening of mAbs, which is important for identifying and developing new therapeutics. In conclusion, the study presents a novel method for functionalizing CNTs to create highly specific electronic biosensors for detecting biomolecules. The approach involves noncovalent functionalization with PEO chains and surfactants to prevent nonspecific binding while enabling the selective detection of target proteins. The results demonstrate the potential of CNT-based biosensors for medical diagnostics and biological applications, with the ability to detect proteins in solution without the need for labeling.