The paper discusses the nonlinear collective effects in photon-photon and photon-plasma interactions, focusing on strong-field effects in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, as well as high-intensity laser and cavity systems. It highlights the importance of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in these systems, particularly at high energy density, where the vacuum dynamics play a crucial role. The authors derive a set of equations describing the nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic pulses in a radiation-plasma using the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian and discuss the stability of these equations. They show that electromagnetic pulses can collapse and split into pulse trains or be trapped in relativistic electron holes. The paper also explores the generation of novel electromagnetic modes in pair plasmas due to QED effects. Applications to laser-plasma systems and astrophysical environments are discussed, including the potential for measuring photon-photon scattering and the implications for astrophysical research. The authors emphasize the importance of considering nonlinear quantum vacuum effects in future experiments and the potential for generating conditions similar to those in astrophysical environments.The paper discusses the nonlinear collective effects in photon-photon and photon-plasma interactions, focusing on strong-field effects in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, as well as high-intensity laser and cavity systems. It highlights the importance of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in these systems, particularly at high energy density, where the vacuum dynamics play a crucial role. The authors derive a set of equations describing the nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic pulses in a radiation-plasma using the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian and discuss the stability of these equations. They show that electromagnetic pulses can collapse and split into pulse trains or be trapped in relativistic electron holes. The paper also explores the generation of novel electromagnetic modes in pair plasmas due to QED effects. Applications to laser-plasma systems and astrophysical environments are discussed, including the potential for measuring photon-photon scattering and the implications for astrophysical research. The authors emphasize the importance of considering nonlinear quantum vacuum effects in future experiments and the potential for generating conditions similar to those in astrophysical environments.