Nonlinear energy harvesting

Nonlinear energy harvesting

| F. Cottone, L. Gammaitoni, H. Vocca
Nonlinear energy harvesting using stochastic nonlinear oscillators is proposed as an improvement over traditional linear oscillators for ambient vibration energy harvesting. This method outperforms linear oscillators by overcoming limitations such as narrow bandwidth, frequency tuning requirements, and low efficiency. The approach is demonstrated using a piezoelectric inverted pendulum with a tip magnet, where the pendulum's dynamics are influenced by an external magnet. The system exhibits bistable behavior, allowing for enhanced energy extraction from a wide spectrum of vibrations. The dynamics of the pendulum are controlled by the distance and polarity of the external magnet, leading to two distinct types of motion: linear oscillations and complex swings between two equilibrium positions. Experimental results show that the power output increases with decreasing magnet distance, reaching a maximum before declining. Theoretical modeling confirms this behavior, showing that the maximum power output can be up to six times higher than in the linear case. The results are generalized to bistable systems, including the Duffing oscillator, where similar behavior is observed. The findings suggest that nonlinear energy harvesting can significantly improve energy conversion efficiency, with potential applications in micro and nanoscale devices. The study also highlights the importance of noise in enhancing energy harvesting performance, with noise-driven dynamics being a promising approach for future energy scavenging technologies.Nonlinear energy harvesting using stochastic nonlinear oscillators is proposed as an improvement over traditional linear oscillators for ambient vibration energy harvesting. This method outperforms linear oscillators by overcoming limitations such as narrow bandwidth, frequency tuning requirements, and low efficiency. The approach is demonstrated using a piezoelectric inverted pendulum with a tip magnet, where the pendulum's dynamics are influenced by an external magnet. The system exhibits bistable behavior, allowing for enhanced energy extraction from a wide spectrum of vibrations. The dynamics of the pendulum are controlled by the distance and polarity of the external magnet, leading to two distinct types of motion: linear oscillations and complex swings between two equilibrium positions. Experimental results show that the power output increases with decreasing magnet distance, reaching a maximum before declining. Theoretical modeling confirms this behavior, showing that the maximum power output can be up to six times higher than in the linear case. The results are generalized to bistable systems, including the Duffing oscillator, where similar behavior is observed. The findings suggest that nonlinear energy harvesting can significantly improve energy conversion efficiency, with potential applications in micro and nanoscale devices. The study also highlights the importance of noise in enhancing energy harvesting performance, with noise-driven dynamics being a promising approach for future energy scavenging technologies.
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