The article provides a comprehensive overview of the normal development of neural circuits in the brain, from early gestation to adolescence. It highlights the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and experiential factors that influence the formation and maturation of these circuits. Key developmental milestones include the formation of the neural tube, the differentiation of neuronal cell types, and the establishment of synaptic connections. The article also discusses the role of glial cells in supporting neural development, the dynamics of synaptogenesis and pruning, and the importance of myelination in enhancing neural communication. Additionally, it explores the functional and behavioral correlates of neural circuit development, emphasizing the critical periods of vulnerability and opportunity during early childhood and infancy. The review concludes by discussing the vulnerability of the developing brain to adverse influences and the potential for early interventions to mitigate negative outcomes.The article provides a comprehensive overview of the normal development of neural circuits in the brain, from early gestation to adolescence. It highlights the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and experiential factors that influence the formation and maturation of these circuits. Key developmental milestones include the formation of the neural tube, the differentiation of neuronal cell types, and the establishment of synaptic connections. The article also discusses the role of glial cells in supporting neural development, the dynamics of synaptogenesis and pruning, and the importance of myelination in enhancing neural communication. Additionally, it explores the functional and behavioral correlates of neural circuit development, emphasizing the critical periods of vulnerability and opportunity during early childhood and infancy. The review concludes by discussing the vulnerability of the developing brain to adverse influences and the potential for early interventions to mitigate negative outcomes.