The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity highlights the need to address its serious complications. While metabolic issues like insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are well-known, obesity also causes non-metabolic complications such as cardiovascular diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, asthma, thyroid dysfunction, and mental health problems. These complications can affect nearly all body systems and persist into adulthood. Obesity also worsens existing childhood conditions, reducing quality of life and potentially shortening life expectancy. Obese pregnant girls may pass these risks to their children, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Childhood obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition associated with abnormal fat accumulation, increasing the risk of various diseases. Insulin resistance is one of the earliest and most significant changes, leading to type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is also linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can progress to cirrhosis. Cardiovascular complications, including cardiomyopathy and endothelial dysfunction, are also common. Endocrine and gynecological issues, such as precocious puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and thyroid dysfunction, are increasingly observed in obese children. Obesity may also lead to hypogonadism in boys, affecting sexual development. Other non-metabolic complications include respiratory issues like asthma, which is more prevalent in obese children. Obesity can worsen asthma control and response to treatment. Additionally, obesity is associated with oral health problems, immunologic disorders, and renal, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and dermatologic issues. These complications highlight the need for a holistic approach to treating childhood obesity, focusing on early detection, prevention, and comprehensive management to improve long-term health outcomes.The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity highlights the need to address its serious complications. While metabolic issues like insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are well-known, obesity also causes non-metabolic complications such as cardiovascular diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, asthma, thyroid dysfunction, and mental health problems. These complications can affect nearly all body systems and persist into adulthood. Obesity also worsens existing childhood conditions, reducing quality of life and potentially shortening life expectancy. Obese pregnant girls may pass these risks to their children, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Childhood obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition associated with abnormal fat accumulation, increasing the risk of various diseases. Insulin resistance is one of the earliest and most significant changes, leading to type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is also linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can progress to cirrhosis. Cardiovascular complications, including cardiomyopathy and endothelial dysfunction, are also common. Endocrine and gynecological issues, such as precocious puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and thyroid dysfunction, are increasingly observed in obese children. Obesity may also lead to hypogonadism in boys, affecting sexual development. Other non-metabolic complications include respiratory issues like asthma, which is more prevalent in obese children. Obesity can worsen asthma control and response to treatment. Additionally, obesity is associated with oral health problems, immunologic disorders, and renal, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and dermatologic issues. These complications highlight the need for a holistic approach to treating childhood obesity, focusing on early detection, prevention, and comprehensive management to improve long-term health outcomes.