Observation of vortices in a dipolar supersolid

Observation of vortices in a dipolar supersolid

March 28, 2024 | Eva Casotti, Elena Poli, Lauritz Klaus, Andrea Litvinov, Clemens Ulm, Claudia Politi, Manfred J. Mark, Thomas Bland, Francesca Ferlaino
The paper reports the first experimental observation of quantized vortices in a dipolar supersolid, a state of matter that spontaneously breaks both translational and phase symmetries. The authors use a method called magnetostirring to generate vortices in a two-dimensional crystalline order of dipolar atoms. They theoretically explore the zero-temperature dynamics of the supersolid using the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation (eGPE) and experimentally verify their findings. The results show that the supersolid exhibits a different response to rotation compared to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), with vortices nucleating at lower frequencies and persisting even at higher frequencies. This behavior is attributed to the dual superfluid-crystalline nature of the supersolid, where the reduced superfluidity allows for vortex creation at lower rotation frequencies, and the solidity leads to a monotonic increase in vortex number at faster frequencies. The study also demonstrates the use of interference patterns to detect vortices in the supersolid state, providing a unique fingerprint for identifying supersolidity in various systems with multiple broken symmetries.The paper reports the first experimental observation of quantized vortices in a dipolar supersolid, a state of matter that spontaneously breaks both translational and phase symmetries. The authors use a method called magnetostirring to generate vortices in a two-dimensional crystalline order of dipolar atoms. They theoretically explore the zero-temperature dynamics of the supersolid using the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation (eGPE) and experimentally verify their findings. The results show that the supersolid exhibits a different response to rotation compared to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), with vortices nucleating at lower frequencies and persisting even at higher frequencies. This behavior is attributed to the dual superfluid-crystalline nature of the supersolid, where the reduced superfluidity allows for vortex creation at lower rotation frequencies, and the solidity leads to a monotonic increase in vortex number at faster frequencies. The study also demonstrates the use of interference patterns to detect vortices in the supersolid state, providing a unique fingerprint for identifying supersolidity in various systems with multiple broken symmetries.
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