The paper reviews observed variability and trends in extreme climate events, highlighting the challenges in detecting changes due to limited long-term, high-quality data. It discusses temperature extremes, showing trends in frost days, heat waves, and cold waves, with a general warming trend leading to fewer frost days and more extreme heat events. Precipitation trends indicate an increase in heavy rainfall events, particularly in the U.S., with significant regional variations. Drought and wet periods show mixed trends, with some areas experiencing increased wetness and others more frequent droughts. Tropical storms show no overall long-term trend in Atlantic hurricanes, but a decline in intense hurricanes. The paper also introduces climate extremes indices to assess trends and emphasizes the need for improved data collection and monitoring to better understand climate variability. It concludes that while some trends are evident, the lack of comprehensive data limits definitive conclusions, and further research is needed to clarify the impacts of climate change on extreme weather events.The paper reviews observed variability and trends in extreme climate events, highlighting the challenges in detecting changes due to limited long-term, high-quality data. It discusses temperature extremes, showing trends in frost days, heat waves, and cold waves, with a general warming trend leading to fewer frost days and more extreme heat events. Precipitation trends indicate an increase in heavy rainfall events, particularly in the U.S., with significant regional variations. Drought and wet periods show mixed trends, with some areas experiencing increased wetness and others more frequent droughts. Tropical storms show no overall long-term trend in Atlantic hurricanes, but a decline in intense hurricanes. The paper also introduces climate extremes indices to assess trends and emphasizes the need for improved data collection and monitoring to better understand climate variability. It concludes that while some trends are evident, the lack of comprehensive data limits definitive conclusions, and further research is needed to clarify the impacts of climate change on extreme weather events.