Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments

Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments

Received: 11 July 2006 / Revised: 17 November 2006 / Accepted: 21 November 2006 / Published online: 5 January 2007 | Anastasia Nikolaou · Sureyya Meric · Despo Fatta
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in the environment is a growing concern due to their potential adverse effects on living organisms. These compounds, widely used in human and veterinary medicine, are continuously released into the environment through various sources. The paper provides an overview of recent scientific research on the sources, occurrence, and fate of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments. Pharmaceuticals have been detected in sewage-treatment-plant effluents, surface water, seawater, groundwater, soil, sediment, and fish. Caffeine, diclofenac, clofibric acid, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin, carbamazepine, artorvastatin, gemfibrozil, fluoxetine, and 17β-ethynylestradiol are among the most common pharmaceuticals found in these environments. The presence of these compounds raises concerns about their potential endocrine-disrupting effects and long-term impacts on non-target organisms.The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in the environment is a growing concern due to their potential adverse effects on living organisms. These compounds, widely used in human and veterinary medicine, are continuously released into the environment through various sources. The paper provides an overview of recent scientific research on the sources, occurrence, and fate of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments. Pharmaceuticals have been detected in sewage-treatment-plant effluents, surface water, seawater, groundwater, soil, sediment, and fish. Caffeine, diclofenac, clofibric acid, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin, carbamazepine, artorvastatin, gemfibrozil, fluoxetine, and 17β-ethynylestradiol are among the most common pharmaceuticals found in these environments. The presence of these compounds raises concerns about their potential endocrine-disrupting effects and long-term impacts on non-target organisms.
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Understanding Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments